AP经济学考试中的13个要点

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　　1 、Fundamentals of Economic Analysis

　　Scarce Resources

　　Production Possibilities

　　Functions of Economic Systems

　　2、 Demand, Supply, Market Equilibrium, and Welfare Analysis

　　Demand

　　Supply

　　Market Equilibrium

　　Welfare Analysis

　　3、Elasticity, Microeconomic Policy, and Consumer Theory

　　Elasticity

　　Microeconomic Policy and Applications of Elasticity

　　Consumer Choice

　　4、The Firm, Profit, and the Costs of Production

　　Firms, Opportunity Costs, and Profits

　　Production and Cost

　　5、Market Structures, Perfect Competition, Monopoly, and Things Between

　　Perfect Competition

　　Monopoly

　　Monopolistic Competition

　　Oligopoly

　　6、Factor Markets

　　Factor Demand

　　Least-Cost Hiring of Multiple Inputs

　　Factor Supply and Market Equilibrium

　　Imperfect Competition in Product and Factor Markets

　　7、Public Goods, Externalities, and the Role of Government

　　Public Goods and Spillover Benefits

　　Pollution and Spillover Costs

　　Income Distribution and Tax Structures

　　8、 Macroeconomic Measures of Performance

　　The Circular Flow Model

　　Accounting for Output and Income

　　Inflation and the Consumer Price Index

　　Unemployment

　　9、 Consumption, Saving, Investment, and the Multiplier

　　Consumption and Saving

　　Investment

　　The Multiplier Effect

　　10、Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

　　Aggregate Demand

　　Aggregate Supply

　　Macroeconomic Equilibrium

　　The Trade-off Between Inflation and Unemployment

　　11、Fiscal Policy, Economic Growth, and Productivity

　　Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy

　　Difficulties of Fiscal Policy

　　Economic Growth and Productivity

　　12、Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy

　　Money and Financial Assets

　　Fractional Reserve Banking and Money Creation

　　Monetary Policy

　　13、 International Trade

　　Comparative Advantage and Gains from Trade

　　Balance of Payments

　　Foreign Exchange Rates

　　Trade Barriers

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