AP美国历史必备词汇表：O

　　AP美国历史中有很多人名、组织等的必背专有名词，新东方在线AP频道为大家带来啦AP美国历史必备词汇表，本文是以字母O开头的词汇，大家一定不要错过哦！

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O

　　Oil embargo

　　In 1973, OPEC (the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) nations refused to export oil to Western nations. The embargo, in effect until 1974, sparked rapid inflation in the West and had a crippling effect on the U.S. economy. The ensuing economic crisis plagued Gerald Ford’s tenure as president.

　　Office of Censorship

　　Created in December 1941. The Office of Censorship examined all letters sent overseas and worked with media firms to control information broadcast to the people in an attempt to limit information leaks during World War II.

　　Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

　　Established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1942 to conduct espionage, collect information crucial to strategic planning, and assess the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy.

　　Office of War Information

　　Employed artists, writers, and advertisers to shape public opinion concerning World War II. The office publicized reasons for U.S. entry into the war, often portraying the enemy Axis powers as barbaric and cruel.

　　Open Door policy

　　Developed by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899. The Open Door policy aimed to combat the European spheres of influence that threatened to squeeze American business interests out of Chinese markets. It pressured European powers to open key ports within their spheres of influence to U.S. businessmen.

　　Operation Overlord

　　The Allied air, land, and sea assault on occupied France. The operation centered on the “D-Day” invasion on June 6, 1944 in which American, British, and Canadian troops stormed the beaches at Normandy. These Allied forces sustained heavy casualties but eventually took the beach and moved gradually inland.

　　J. Robert Oppenheimer

　　Head of the Manhattan Project, the secret American operation to develop the atomic bomb.