新东方在线AP频道为大家带来AP微观经济学考点:消费者行为一文,希望对大家AP备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线AP频道!
消费者行为 Consumer Behavior
1. 消费者剩余=支付意愿–市场价格: Consumer surplus =the willingness to pay – market price
生产者剩余=市场价格–生产成本: Producer surplus =market price – cost
Market efficiency: MB=MC, Total Surplus最大
Supply do the same(longertime, more elastic)
2. 消费者满足感Utility
1) Total utility andmarginal utility 总效用和边际效用
Utilityis the satisfaction or happiness
Marginal utility: the change in totalutility that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity of a good orservice consumed.
Lawof diminishing marginal utility: the general tendency for marginal utility todecrease as the quantity of a good consumed increase
Utilitymaximization: equalizing marginal utility per dollar
边际效用之比等于价格之比MU1/MU2 =P1/P2,在预算允许的条件下。
Income andsubstitution effects收入效应,替代效应
Income effect:normal: 都多买或少买
substitution effect:normal: 一个多买一个少买
inferior: income decrease 多买,priceincrease 少买
以上就是新东方在线AP频道为你带来的AP微观经济学考点:消费者行为,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线AP频道。