新东方在线AP频道为大家带来AP微观经济学考点:生产者行为一文,希望对大家AP备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线AP频道!
生产者行为 Producer behavior
1. Producer surplus: market price – cost
2. Revenue, cost and profit
3. Production functions: short and long run短期和长期的生产函数
Short run: only labor variable
Long run: all variable
4. Marginal product and diminishing returns边际产量和边际产量递减规律
Marginal product (marginal return)
The changein total product that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity of laboremployed.
MP of A= additionaloutput/ additional input of A
Marginalreturns start diminishing when MP decreases as L increases
MP和MC的图!
Increasing marginal returns
When the marginal product of an additional worker exceedsthe marginal product of the previous worker
Decreasing marginal returns
When the marginal product of an additional worker is lessthan the marginal product of the previous worker
5. Short-run costs短期成本曲线
MC曲线最后是上扬的,是因为diminishingmarginal product,生产能力全部被利用之后,再增加边际投入,就会出现边际产量递减,边际成本递增。
ATC=AFC+AVC
TC=TFC+TVC
6. Long-run costs and economies of scale长期成本曲线和规模经济
economies of scale规模经济,指随着产量增加ATC不断下降,规模经济的产生是因为specialization&ability to purchase
diseconomies of scale规模不经济,
constant returns to scale规模收益不变指产量变动而ATC不变,或者说投入增加的倍数与产出增加的倍数相同。
7. Cost minimizing input combination成本最小化的要素组合
MPL/PL=MPK/PK
8. Profit利润
(1) Accountingprofit,economic profit
会计利润(总收益-显性成本)和经济利润(总收益-显性成本-隐性成本)
(2) Normalprofit
指的经济利润为0(但依然赚着会计利润)
以上就是新东方在线AP频道为你带来的AP微观经济学考点:生产者行为,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线AP频道。