详解
Choice C is the best answer. The author of the passage suggests that a group of people can be "wiser" and more effective than a single person at assessing a quantitative answer, or a measurement, versus producing a valid qualitative judgment, or a judgment of the quality of something. This is most clear in lines 11-14("the...number"), which state that when guessing a bull's weight or how many gumballs are in a jar, "your guess is probably going to be far from the mark, whereas the average of many people's choices is remarkably close to the true number."
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because lines 11-14("the...number") indicate that the author believes that crowds may be more effective than individuals when arriving at quantitative answers rather than qualitative results. Nothing in the passage suggests that the author believes that crowds are better at starting disagreements than studying an issue in depth (choice A), supporting ideas rather than challenging them (choice B), or ranking opinions rather than coming up with new ideas (choice D).