『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 63 Con2听力练习：According to the professor, what are the advantages of adding historical perspective?(Click on 2 answers)原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 63 Con2听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 63 Con2听力原文According to the professor, what are the advantages of adding historical perspective?(Click on 2 answers)【新东方在线】

旁白：请听一段学生和她的社会学教授之间的对话。

Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and her sociology professor.

教授：罗恩达，我猜你想和我谈谈关于你的论文草稿——赫伯特·斯宾塞——这是一个相当大的话题。

Professor: So, Rhonda, I take it you wanted to talk with me about the draft of your paper--Herbert Spencer--that's quite an ambitious subject.

学生：是的，但我就是不明白。我很努力地写了这篇论文，并且我认为我对他的思想理解得相当好。

Student: Well,yes.But I just, I don't get it.I worked really hard on it, and I thought I understood his ideas pretty well.

教授：你确实做到了，我不认为我的任何评论是针对你对斯宾塞理论的理解的。

Professor: Oh,you did.I don't think any of my comments were directed towards your understanding of Spencer’s theories,were they?

学生：也许不是，我猜，但是在几个地方你写了“以及”，我猜我只是不明白你具体指的是什么。

Student: Well,maybe not, I guess, but in a couple places you wrote "and",and I guess I just don't get exactly what you meant.

教授：是的，我应该更清楚一些。问题不在于你包含了什么，而是你没有包含的内容。

Professor: Yeah, I should have been clearer. The thing is, it's not so much what you've included.It's what you didn't.

基本上，你展示的内容并不比教科书上的多很多。

I mean, basically you haven't presented much more than what's in the textbook.

例如，个人主义的观点、竞争的思想，在20世纪初很流行，然后就不再受欢迎了。

I mean, like here, ok, ideas on individualism, ideas on competition, popular earlier 20th century then falls out of favor.

这都是正确的，但基本上只是一个事实列表。所以当我写下“以及”，我在问为什么？为什么他在20世纪初期很受欢迎？为什么他后来变得不那么受欢迎？

See, this is all correct, but it's basically just a list of facts.So when I wrote and, I was asking why.Why was he popular in the early 20th century?Why did he fall out of favor?

学生：其实，当你让我们选择一个社会学家来写的时候，我对他们中的任何一个都不了解，所以我只是随便选了一个。

Student: Well, see, the thing is, when you asked us to choose a sociologist to write about.well, I didn't really know anything about any of them. So I just picked one.

然后我开始阅读他的理论，并意识到我对其中很多理论并不赞同。

You know,and then I got to reading about his theories. And I realized I don't agree with a lot of them.

但我非常努力不让这一点在我的论文中表现出来，你知道，尽量保持客观。

But I was trying really hard not to let that show in my paper, you know, to be objective and all.

教授：或许你有点过于谨慎了。保持客观并不意味着你不能批判性思考。

Professor: Well, perhaps you were trying a little too hard. Being objective doesn't mean you're not allowed to be critical.

教授：你不必同意斯宾塞所说的，事实上，我希望你能进行批判性思考。

Professor: There's no requirement that you agree with what Spencer says. In fact, I want you to think critically.

学生：哦，我是这么做的。我只是不想把一切都政治化，你知道的。

Student: Oh, I do.I just, I mean, I didn't want to politicize everything, you know.

教授：但你不需要这样做来表达观点。更好的方法是提供一些历史视角。

Professor: But you don't have to, to make a point.A better way to go about it is to provide a little historical perspective.

一分钟前我问你的两个问题是什么？

Look,What were the two questions I ask you just a minute ago?

学生：为什么他曾经受欢迎，后来又变得不受欢迎？

Student: Why was he popular and then became unpopular?

教授：正是如此。在任何领域，尤其是社会科学领域，人们和他们的理论来来往往，总有人会同意，也有人不同意。

Professor: Exactly.See, in any field, particularly the social sciences: people, theories, they come and go, and there will always be people who agree with them and people who don't.

学生：好的，所以你是说，我应该纳入他人对斯宾塞理论的反应，比如20世纪初是什么让许多人接受了他的理论？还有后来发生了什么变化？

Student: Ok.So you mean I should like incorporate other people's reactions to Spencer’s theories, like what was it about the early 20th century that made a lot of people go along with them?And what change later on?

教授：就是这样。这将帮助你的读者更好地理解斯宾塞的思想，这些思想相当复杂。

Professor: That's it.It'll help your audience get a handle on Spencer’s ideas which are pretty complex.

此外，它还为你提供了一个框架，可以在此基础上提出自己的观点。

Plus, it provides a kind of framework in which you can present your own point of view.

教授：如果你没有展示两方面的观点，你就很难站队或期待你的读者去站队。

You can't very well take sides or expect your audience to if you haven't presented both sides.

Why does the student go to see the professor?

Why did the student decide to write her paper on Herbert Spencer?

How does the professor feel about the student's assertion that she tried to be objective?

According to the professor, what are the advantages of adding historical perspective?(Click on 2 answers)

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