『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 64 Con1听力练习：Why does the professor ask the woman about the early Middle Ages?原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 64 Con1听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 64 Con1听力原文Why does the professor ask the woman about the early Middle Ages?【新东方在线】

旁白：听一段学生和哲学教授的对话。

NARRATOR: Listen to a conversation between a student and a philosophy professor.

男教授：嗨，梅丽莎，你论文的初稿目前看起来很有希望。

MALE PROFESSOR: Hi, Melissa, your rough draft for your paper is looking very promising so far.

女学生：谢谢。我还有一些阅读要做。后现代主义相当具有挑战性。所以……

FEMALE STUDENT: Thanks. I still have some reading to do. Postmodernism is pretty challenging. So…

男教授：你开了个好头。那么关于课程或后现代主义还有什么问题吗？我们还有几分钟时间，我的下一个预约之前。

MALE PROFESSOR: Well, you're off to a good start. So anything else about the class or postmodernism? Since we have a few minutes before my next appointment?

女学生：实际上，在课上，您提到了一位法国哲学家，利奥塔？您说他不相信故事或者类似的东西，说故事是无效的？

FEMALE STUDENT: Well,actually, in class, you talked about a French philosopher, Lyotard? You said he didn't believe in stories or something like that, that stories were invalid?

男教授：我想我明白了，首先，你理解他……记得利奥塔关于宏大叙事的说法吗？

MALE PROFESSOR: Ok.I think I see, first of all, you understand what he... remember what Lyotard said about the grand narrative?

男教授：这并不是你想象中的那种叙事，不是故事。利奥塔所说的叙事是一种理解世界的方式。

MALE PROFESSOR: It's not quite the same way you're thinking of narratives, not stories. Lyotard meant narrative as in a way of understanding the world.

男教授：我该怎么解释呢。宏大叙事，就像是一个帮助人们理解历史的观念。比如，当你想象欧洲的早期中世纪时，你会想到什么？

MALE PROFESSOR: How can I explain this. Grand narrative, it's like an idea that helps people make sense of history. Like when you picture the early middle ages in Europe, what do you think?

女学生：嗯，比如那时没有很多文化成就。有很多战争，但没有多少重要的艺术或书籍之类的，就像那是黑暗时代。

FEMALE STUDENT: Ok, like there weren't a lot of cultural achievements then. Lots of wars, but not a lot of important art or books or anything, like it was the Dark Ages.

男教授：好吧，这是对历史时期的一个简单解释，对吧？这是大多数人接受或理解的东西，这就是宏大叙事。这里有一个更近的例子——科学进步。

MALE PROFESSOR: All right, that's a simple explanation of a time in history, right? Something that tends to be accepted or understood by most people, that makes it a grand narrative. Here's a more recent one-- scientific progress.

男教授：人们看历史上的重要发明，电灯、汽车、电脑。我们普遍认为有一个潜在的普遍真理，即现代技术使世界变得更好。这个信念存在了这么久，以至于人们接受它为真理。我们甚至不太去思考它。我们只是接受现代技术有那种效果

MALE PROFESSOR: People look at important inventions throughout history, light bulbs, cars, computers. And we generally believe that there's an underlying universal truth, that modern technology makes the world better. It's been the belief for so long that people accept it as being true. We don't even think of it much. We just accept that modern technology has that effect.

女学生：它确实让我们的生活更好了。

FEMALE STUDENT:Well, It does make our lives better.

男教授：好吧。这就是利奥塔的观点。他认为我们必须小心接受这样的观念。他说这些信念真的过于简化了事情，我们应该更批判性地思考。有没有时候技术不被视为进步？它没有带来改进？

MALE PROFESSOR: All right. This is where Lyotard comes in. He believed we have to be careful about accepting ideas like that. He said these beliefs really oversimplify things and that we should think more critically. Are there times when technology would not be considered progress? Where it doesn't bring improvement?

女学生：我不知道，污染？但是……

FEMALE STUDENT: I don't know, pollution? But…

男教授：不，那很好。很难说污染是一种改善世界的方式。

MALE PROFESSOR: No, that's good. It would be hard to say pollution was a form of improving the world.

女学生：但污染不正是……哦，所以它有点违背了关于技术的宏大叙事。它使事情复杂化了。

FEMALE STUDENT: But isn't pollution just a side effect of… Oh, so it kind of goes against the grand narrative about technology. It complicates things.

男教授：这就是后现代主义的一个基本思想，我们应该对宏大叙事持怀疑态度，因为它们很可能并不完全正确。

MALE PROFESSOR: And that's a basic idea behind postmodernism, that we should be skeptical of grand narratives, because there's a good chance they're not completely true.

男教授：并不是说宏大叙事中没有真理，当然不是。只是事情并不像看起来那么简单直接。我们应该批判性地看待我们假设的东西。

MALE PROFESSOR: Well,not to say there's no truth in grand narrative, of course. It's just that nothing is as simple and straightforward as it seems. We should look critically at the things we assume.

女学生：好的，我想我明白了。谢谢。

FEMALE STUDENT: Okay, I think I get it. Thanks.

Why does the professor ask the woman about the early Middle Ages?

What points does the professor make about scientific progress?(Click on 2 answers)

What does the professor mean when he says this:

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