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托福TPO/Official 68 Lec3听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

旁白：请听一段考古学课堂的讲座。教授: 好的，Paul问我能不能谈一谈我过去几年里断断续续在做的项目。是的，我很乐意。

Narrator: Listen to a part of lecture in an archeology class. Professor:OK, Paul asked if I could talk a little bit about the project that I have been working on, on and off for the last few years. And yes, I'd love to.

我们在犹他州的一个偏远的地方开展工作，一个叫Range Creek峡谷的地方。

We are working in a remote part of the state of Utah in a place called Range Creek Canyon.

大约一千年前，Range Creek峡谷是一个大型美国原住民社区的所在地。

Around a thousand years ago, Range Creek Canyon was the site of a large native American community.

是我们今天已知的一个群体，Fremont人，拼写为F R E M O N T。

A group known today is the Fremont people, spelled F R E M O N T.

该遗址的数量和保存的状况令人吃惊。

The number of archaeological sites and the state of preservation of the site is amazing.

第一年，我们在那里工作了一周，记录了77个未受到外界干扰的遗址，这种情况是非常惊人的。

In the first year, we worked there in one week, we recorded 77 undisturbed sites, that's phenomenal.

我成年后的大部分时间都在进行考古研究。

I've worked in archaeology pretty much all my adult life.

我只看到过6处我所知道的完全没有受到外界干扰的遗址，但在Range Creek峡谷，却有数百处。

And I've only seen half a dozen sites that I knew were absolutely undisturbed, but in Range Creek Canyon, there are hundreds.

学生：你们在那都发现了什么？

Student:Like what kind of stuff that you’ve found there?

教授：哦，有房子，绿色植物，岩石艺术，挖掘的棒状物，绳子，石刀，箭，箭头，很多陶器。

Professor:Oh, houses, greeneries, rock art, digging stick, ropes, stone blades, arrows and arrow heads, lots of pottery.

看起来像是私人珠宝，我们只调查了大概5-10%的区域。这是令人难以置信的。

What looks like personal jewelry, and we have only surveyed maybe 5-10% of the area. It's mind-boggling.

学生: 这些遗址我们可以去参观吗，如果我们在这个地区?

Student:Are these sites that we could visit, if we were out in the area?.

教授: 实际上，公众目前可以参观Range Creek遗址，

Professor:Actually, it is now possible for the public to visit Range Creek and that's well,

我的意思是，你们学了很多关于考古学方面的知识，而且你们对待考古学非常认真。

 I mean you’ve all learnt a great deal about archaeology and are pretty serious about it.

但是普通大众，以及我们这个领域的很多人，并没有那么热衷于这个想法。

But the general public, let's just say a lot of us in the field, aren’t so crazy about the idea.

学生：可以想象，所以这是很理性的事情？

Student:I can imagine, so this is pretty reason thing？

教授: 是的,因为位置过于偏远, 1940年以前，都没有发现这些遗址。 

Professor:Yes, because the location is so remote, the sites weren’t discovered until the 1940s, 

之后遗址被发现,一个家族拥有遗址所在的这片土地, 这个家族对于遗址的控制可以说一手遮天, 谁可以前来造访, 来到这能做些什么等等都会受到严格的限制。

then after they were discovered,the family that owned the land, kept very strict control over the sites, and who could visit them, and what they could do there and so on

但2002年之后, 这个家族把这片区域卖给了政府, 现在公众可以更加容易的到访此地。

but then 2002, the family sold that land to the government, and so now the public has much greater access to it.

教授：是的，你知道有很多遗址你必须尽快地发掘，因为一些建筑公司急于把重型设备运到那里，

Professor:Right and you know there are lots of sites you have to excavate really quickly because some construction companies anxious to get in there with heavy equipment,

but that's not the case with Range Creek.

如果按照我的方式来做，我们至少在二三十年后才能接触这些遗址。

If I had my way, we wouldn't touch most of those sites till least 20 or 30 years from now.

我预计那时候会有我们现在还想象不到的，合适的技术手段。

When I expect will have technologies we can’t even imagine yet.

不过，我们可能会开发出什么样的高科技方法并不重要。政府目前无法保护这些遗址，所以这是目前一个令我们担忧的首要问题。

It won't matter though, what high-tech methods we might develop.That the government can't keep the sites protected, so that's a major concern right now.

学生: 那里有没有神秘的东西，比如像中美洲的玛雅人那样？

Student:So are there like any great mystery is there, you know, like with the Mayans, central America.

教授：有的。例如，Fremont人把一些房子建在非常不方便居住的地方，

Professor:Yes, there are. For instance, the Fremont built some of their houses in really inconvenient places,

比如建在岩石顶端或悬崖边上，这些地方居住起来很危险。

like in rock pinnacles or on the edges of cliffs, really dangerous places to live.

再加上住在离水源和田地以上的上千英尺的区域，他们将绿色植物和玉米储存在难以接近的地方

Plus in your thousand feet above your water and your fields and, and, and they put their greeneries, where they stored their corn in virtually inaccessible places,

你可以想象建造它们的工作量。

You could imagine the amount of work that it took to construct them.

所有的石头，所有的泥土，都必须被运到那些高的地方来建造它们。而玉米是最重要的农作物。

All the stone, all the mud there made of, had to be carried up to those high locations to build them. And corn was the most important crop.

学生:也许他们害怕其他族群攻击他们，或者可能与他们的信仰有关。

Student:Maybe they were afraid some other group was going to attack them, or maybe could’ve something to do with their religion.

你知道，感觉好像离他们的神很近。

You know, like feeling, they were close to their gods up there.

教授：这实际上是目前存在的两种理论。我认为很可能防御功能是他们优先考虑的。

Professor:Well, those are actually two current theories and I think probably was defense that was their top priority.

如果这是真的，那么问题就来了，是谁或什么让他们感到如此没有安全感。

If that’s true, then the question really is, who or what, was it that made them feel so insecure.

还有一个谜团，大约在公元1300年左右，发生了一场重大变故。

Then, there is another mystery, around thirteen hundred AD, there is a major change.

出于某种原因，他们停止建造大量的建筑，也停止制作精美的陶器。

For some reason they stopped building substantial structures. They stopped making fine pottery.

他们制作的篮筐也发生了变化，而且看起来是一种实质上的停滞。

There was a change in their basket making and it looks like a pretty firm break.

所以，是其他族群的人来了，把Fremont人赶了出来，或者是农耕变得困难了，所以人们又返回到狩猎和采集生活方式，或者……

So, the other people came in and forced the Fremont out or did farming become difficult, so people returned to hunting and gathering or...

学生：难道不是公元1300年，其他印第安土著人不是也经历了一些神秘的事情吗?

Student:Wasn’t thirteen hundred AD, like, didn’t something mysterious happen to other native American peoples that time too.

教授：所以你真的对神秘事件很感兴趣。是的,公元一千三百年,它是美洲考古学领域最重要的谜团之一。大规模扩张式的突变, 社会崩塌。Range Creek遗址非常具有研究前景这是其中的原因之一, 我们或许最终能够弄清楚发生了什么事情，进而对于一些印第安人社会有进一步的洞悉。

Professor:Ah, so you’re really into the mysteries, yes, thirteen hundred AD, it's one of the biggest questions in American archaeology, you had widespread sudden change, you had societies collapsing, and that's one reason, the Range Creek sites were so promising, we might finally be able to figure out what happened, gained some insight into a number of native American societies.

What is the professor explaining when she mentions the number and condition of archaeological sites in Range Creek Canyon?

Why does the professor say that the students have learned a great deal about archaeology?

When did public access to the archaeological sites in the Range Creek Canyon area greatly increase?

What is the professor's opinion about excavation of the Range Creek Canyon sites?

According to the professor, what are two mysteries related to the Fremont people? Click on 2 answers.

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