『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 65 Lec2听力练习，Official 65 Lec2原文答案解析，Official 65 Lec2听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 65 Lec2听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.

教授: 人们普遍认为，心理学是关于人们的问题，

Professor: There’s a common notion that psychology is about what’s wrong with people,

但心理学也为我们提供了重要的工具，让我们生活得更快乐，让我们从生活中获得更多满足。

but psychology also offers us important tools for living happier, for getting more satisfaction out of life.

健康心理学领域的一个关键概念是恢复力。

And a key concept in the field of health psychology is resilience.

当适应力强的人面对逆境时，他们通常不会气馁。

When resilient people face adversity, they generally refuse to be discouraged.

所以当一件消极的事情发生时，比如，丢了工作或另一个重大挫折，

So when a negative event occurs, say, losing a job or another major setback,

他们会不会像，呃，“为什么这种事会发生在我身上?”还是他们会试着迅速恢复过来，也许学些有意义的东西。

are they like, uh, “why did this happen to me?” or do they try to bounce right back and perhaps learn something meaningful.

这种态度，这种用积极的方式处理困难的倾向，就是我们所说的恢复力。

This attitude, this tendency to deal with difficulties in a positive way is what we call resilience.

适应力强的人通常不会觉得自己是受害者，不会自怨自艾，也不会在事情出错时抱怨太多。

Resilient people don’t generally feel like victims or feel sorry for themselves or complain a lot when things go wrong.

相反，他们使用积极的应对机制。

Instead, they use active coping mechanisms.

积极应对包括寻找社会支持，以积极的态度重新定义压力情况。

Active coping includes things like finding social support and reframing stressful situations in a positive light.

研究表明，使用积极的应对机制与改善幸福感有关。

And research shows that using active coping mechanisms is associated with an improved sense of well-being.

把这拿个场景举例子。心理学系最近开始在网上开设一些课程，

Take this scenario. The psychology department here recently started offering some courses online over the internet,

但在学生注册之前，他们必须掌握一些相当复杂的计算机技能。

but before students can enroll, they have to master some fairly complicated computer skills.

有些学生很容易受挫，认为这种挑战是无法克服的。他们只是坐在那里抱怨。

Some students get frustrated easily and perceive this challenge to be insurmountable. They just sit around complaining.

但适应力更强的学生找到了学习这项技术的方法。

But students who are more resilient find a way to learn the technology.

他们甚至似乎喜欢挑战，即使挑战比他们预期的要难，也没有多少乐趣，不像第一组人只是举手投降。

They even seem to like the challenge, even when it’s more difficult than they expected and not much fun, unlike the first group who just throw up their hands.

我说的是坚持，在多次失败后，一次又一次地重新来。

What I’m talking about is persistence, coming back again and again after repeated failures.

Persistence is another aspect of resiliency,

从逆境中学习，意识到我们从一个挑战中学到的价值，并利用它来帮助我们应对下一个挑战也是坚韧的另一个方面。

and so is seeking to learn from adversity, realizing the value of what we take away from one challenge and using it to help us tackle the next challenge.

我们可以把恢复力看作是一组人格特征，它使人倾向于把一个困难的情况当作一个可以克服的挑战，

Think of resilience as a set of personality traits that predisposed someone to approach a difficult situation as a challenge that can be overcome

甚至可能提供一个机会，让人们有更深的理解。

and that might even offer an opportunity for some deeper understanding.

女学生: 所以你认为坚韧的人格特质是天生的还是后天习得的?

Female Student: So do you think resilient personality traits are inborn or are they learned, acquired somehow?

教授: 我不想深入研究生物学，但有一些证据表明你天生就有某种特定的倾向。

Professor: Well, I don’t want to go into biology, but there’s some evidence that you are born with a certain predisposition, let’s say.

然而，如果你成长在一个充满活力的家庭，父母指导孩子度过逆境，

However, if you are raised in a family where people have a lot of energy, where parents coach their children through adversity,

这种倾向对你的影响不会像你成长的环境那么大。

that predisposition isn’t going to affect you as much as the environment in which you are raised.

现在,已经说过,如果你的家庭中,往往是负面的,这是会影响你如何看待世界,但不是造成不可挽回,

Now, having said that, if you’re raised in a home where it tends to be negative, that’s going to affect how you see the world, but not irreparably,

你可以有除了你的父母其他成年人在你的生命中 ,我们称之为自然的导师,谁能模型和鼓励恢复力行为,

you can have other adults in your life, other than your parents, what we call natural mentors, who can model and encourage resilient behavior,

也许是祖父母或者是邻居，或者是鼓励你在再次失败后更加努力训练的教练。

maybe a grandparent, or neighbor or a coach who inspires you to practice harder after losing again.

男学生: 比如说，一旦你长大成人，离开学校独自生活，有没有可能教会自己变得更有恢复力?

Male Student: Say once you are an adult and you are out of school living on your own, is it possible to teach yourself to become more resilient?

教授: 从历史上看，主流观点认为，性格基本上是在30岁时设定的，

Professor: Well, historically, the predominant view was that personality was pretty much set by age 30,

但最近我们发现证据表明，基本的性格特征，比如随和和愿意冒险，可以在某种程度上改变。

but recently we found evidence suggesting that fundamental personality traits such as agreeableness and willingness to take risks can change to some degree.

一项主要的调查发现，教育、工作和养育孩子等经历可以改变人的性格，总的来说是好的。

One major survey found that experiences like education, jobs, and parenting can alter personality and generally for the good.

例如，保住一份工作需要一个人有责任心和有条理，所以随着年龄的增长，人们往往会变得更有责任感。

For example, holding down a job requires that a person be conscientious and organized, so people tend to become more responsible as they age.

因此，尽管随着年龄的增长改变确实变得越来越难，但这是有可能的。

So while it does get harder to change the older we get, it is possible.

但更具体地说，我们如何才能变得更有恢复力？

But to be more specific about your question, how can we become more resilient?

首先，我们需要找出那些让我们缺乏恢复力的特质。

Well, first we need to identify traits we have that make us less resilient.

Which traits might fit into that category?

Female Student: Uh, impatience or fear of failure?

教授: 当然，对自己也过于挑剔，要求完美。

Professor: Sure, also being overly critical of ourselves, demanding perfection.

通过意识到这种倾向，当它们妨碍我们时我们可能会更容易阻止或忽视它们。

By becoming aware of such tendencies, it may be easier to block or ignore them when they get in our way.

但是，我们也应该确定我们的特质，这些特质可以帮助我们变得更有恢复力。

But we should also identify our traits that can help us become more resilient.

完美主义者往往很擅长设定目标，所以他们可以设定新的目标，变得更有恢复力。

Like perfectionists tend to be very good at setting goals, so they could set a new goal, becoming more resilient.

寻求朋友的支持，鼓励他们， 就像我之前提到的那些沮丧的心理学学生一样。

It also helps to ask the support of friends, to encourage them, like those frustrated psychology students I mentioned earlier.

朋友可以帮助他们找出阻碍他们的因素，也许是害怕电脑坏掉，让他们安心，

A friend could help them identify what’s blocking them, fear of breaking the computer maybe, and reassure them,

还可以强调参加网络课程的好处，比如接受良好的教育或找到一份全新的职业

and also stress the rewards of taking online courses, like getting a good education or finding a whole new career.

Why does the professor mention online courses being offered by the psychology department?

What point does the professor make about natural mentors?

According to the professor, how do the demands of working at a regular job affect a person?

According to the professor, what can people do to become more resilient? Click on 2 answers.

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