『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 71 Lec3听力练习，Official 71 Lec3原文答案解析，Official 71 Lec3听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 71 Lec3听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

旁白：听一段人类学课的讲座。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an Anthropology class.

教授：你们听我说过，世界各地的人们是如何将他们的住所适应当地气候的。

Professor: You've heard me say how people around the world have adapted their shelters to their local climates.

教授：现在没有比因纽特人住房更能体现适应性强的庇护所了。

Professor: Now there's no better example of a well-adapted form of shelter than the houses of the Inuit people.

教授：因纽特人自欧洲人到来之前就已经生活在北美的北极地区。

Professor: The Inuit have lived in the North American arctic since before Europeans arrived.

教授：今天我想讨论的这个因纽特人群体，生活在加拿大西北部，那里有一条大河——麦肯齐河流入北冰洋。

Professor: The particular group of Inuit I want to discuss today, live in northwestern Canada, where a big river, the Mackenzie River enters the Arctic Ocean.

教授：那是一个恶劣的环境，冬天非常非常冷。

Professor: It's a harsh environment, very, very cold in winter.

教授：好的。 你对因纽特人已经知道些什么？

Professor: Ok. What do you know about the Inuit already?

学生：他们不是住在冰屋里，房子是用雪做的吗？

Student: Don't they live in inglues and houses are made of snow.

学生：他们把雪切成块，然后用这些块作为建筑材料，有点像砖块，对吧？

Student: They cut the snow into blocks and use the blocks as building material kind of like bricks, right?

教授：是的。 英格鲁是因纽特文化的一个著名象征。

Professor: Yes.The inglue is a famous symbol of the Inuit culture.

教授：但是如果你认为所有人冬天都住在英格鲁，或者认为那是他们的主要房屋，那你就错了，这是一个误解。

Professor: But you'd be wrong if you thought that all lived in inglue all winter, or that it was their main house, that's a misconception.

教授：实际上，这对一些因纽特人群体来说是正确的，但对我们在麦肯齐河附近讨论的那个群体来说并不成立。

Professor: Actually, that was true for some Inuit groups, but not for the group we're talking about near the Mackenzie River.

教授：我们在谈论的是欧洲人影响之前的传统因纽特人住房。

Professor: We're talking about traditional Inuit homes before the influence of Europeans.

教授：今天他们住在更像你我这样的房子里。

Professor: Today they live in houses more like yours and mine.

教授：所以，这群住在麦肯齐河附近的因纽特人冬天大部分时间都住在用木头建成的永久性房屋里。

Professor: So, this group of Inuit near the Mackenzie River spent most of the winter in permanent houses which were made out of wood.

教授：但大多数人生活在没有树木的地方。

Professor: But most in what live where there are no trees.

教授：因为他们在北方太远了，树木无法生存。

Professor: Since they're so far North, it's too cold for trees to live.

教授：你认为这个因纽特人群体的房子用的木材来自哪里？

Professor: Where do you think this Inuit group got wood for their houses?

教授：现在想想他们住在河流的哪个地方。

Professor: Now think about where they live on the river.

学生：嗯，也许，他们用东西交换的？

人们把它从上游带给他们，他们给了他们一些东西作为交换？

People brought it to them down the river, and they gave them something for it?

教授：嗯，那是一个合乎逻辑的可能性，但再想想。

Professor: Well that's one logical possibility but think some more.

教授：你经常在河里看到什么漂浮物？

Professor: What do you often see floating in rivers?

学生：树木、树枝掉进水里或者被冲进水里，然后它们会顺流漂下去。

Student: Trees, branches fall in the water or get washed into the water and they float downstream.

教授：很好。 木头，漂流木从更南的地区顺流而下。

Professor: Good.Wood, driftwood floats down the river from areas farther south.

教授：永久性房屋是用木头建造的，墙壁、地板、天花板，全都是木头。

Professor: The permanent houses are made of wood, the walls, floors, ceiling, all of wood.

教授：它们相当大，足够容纳几户人家。

Professor: They were pretty large, large enough to hold several families.

教授：房子的木框架向房顶倾斜，他们用的是草皮。

Professor: The wood frame of the house, slanted in toward the Top of the house and they took sod.

教授：这些是带有草或植物生长的土块。

Professor: These are chunks of earth that have grass or plants growing in them.

教授：他们把草皮铺在房子的框架上，由于框架的倾斜方式，它会保持在原位。

Professor: And they laid the sod on the frame of the house, and it would stay in place because of the way the frame was slanted.

教授：这样可以隔热，帮助保持室内温暖。

Professor: And that insulated the house help keep the heat in.

教授：在房子的入口处有一条隧道。

Professor: At the entrance to the house was a tunnel.

教授：所以入口在房子的下面。

Professor: So the entrance was below the level of the house.

Professor: And why do you suppose that is?

教授：现在想想暖空气和冷空气，它们会发生什么？

Professor: Now think about warm air and cold air and what they do?

学生：嗯，暖空气会上升，冷空气会下沉。

Student: Um warm air rises, cold air sinks.

学生：暖空气会留在屋里，不会从门口出去。

Student: The warm air would stay in the house, it wouldn't go out the door.

教授：没错。 他们还通过壁炉和油灯获得热量和光亮。

Professor: Right. And they also had heat and light from a fireplace and oil lamps.

教授：屋顶上有一个洞或窗户用来排烟。

Professor: And there was a hole or a window in the roof to let the smoke out.

教授：这些房子里的温度真的很暖，比我们大多数人在冬天时保持的室内温度还要高。

Professor: The temperature inside these houses was really warm, warmer than most of us keep our houses in the winter.

教授：相当惊人，而且那还是在最冷的天气里。

Professor: Pretty amazing and that was even during the coldest weather.

学生：那么，他们的房子里还有什么其他东西吗？ 家具？

Student: So, what else did they have inside these houses? Furniture?

教授：他们会有一些东西，做饭用的碗碟和锅碗瓢盆，狩猎用的工具和武器，还有衣服和孩子们的玩具，但家具嘛，他们只有平台用来睡觉，然后用皮毛覆盖。

Professor: I they'd have things, dishes and pots and pans for cooking, tools and weapons for hunting, and clothes, toys for their kids, but well, furniture, they just had platforms to sleep on which they'd cover with skins or fur.

教授：他们会坐在这些平台的边缘或者地板上。

Professor: They'd sit on the edge of these platforms or on the floor.

学生：他们也用雪屋吗，还是只用永久房屋？

Student: Did they also use snow houses or just the permanent houses?

教授：实际上，这个小组确实使用了冰屋。

Professor: Actually, this in a group did use it igloos.

教授：他们只在里面度过了冬天的一小部分时间。

Professor: They only spent a small part of the winter in them.

教授：他们在外出旅行或狩猎时建造这些房子。

Professor: They built them when they were out traveling or hunting.

教授：这通常是在冬末食物短缺的时候，雪屋没有木屋那么舒适。

Professor: This was usually oh late in the winter when food was running low, the snow houses were not as comfortable as the wood houses.

教授：它们的入口也在房子的地板下，但总体来说，它们没有那么温暖。

Professor: Their entrance was also below the floor of the house, but overall, they weren't as warm.

How did the Inuit people described in the lecture get wood for their houses?

What are two features of the wood house described in the lecture? Click on 2 answers.

What did the igloo and the wood house have in common?

What does the professor imply when she says this:

北美留学考试	英联邦留学考试	专业问答
TOEFL	IELTS	雅思专业问答
GRE	A Level	托福专业问答
GMAT	PTE	GRE专业问答
SAT	Interchange	GMAT专业问答
ACT	英本精英计划
AP/SSAT/IB
美高先修课
美本精英计划
美研精英计划