『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 25 Lec 2听力练习，Official 25 Lec 2原文答案解析，Official 25 Lec 2听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 25 Lec 2听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

旁白：听一段音乐历史的演讲。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.

教授：你们关于国家主义对于作曲家音乐的印象的论文，我已经批改完了。

Professor: So I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on the composers' music.

一开始我很惊讶，你们之中竟然没有人选择去写贝拉·巴托克，直到我想起来我们还没有机会在课上讨论他。

And initially I was surprised none of you chose to write about Béla Bartók, that is until I remembered we haven't had a chance to discuss him in class yet.

他是一个非常棒的、有开拓性的作曲家。

He was a wonderful and ground-breaking composer.

巴托克是一个匈牙利人，他的一生从19世纪末延续到20世纪中期。

Béla Bartók was a Hungarian, whose life stretched from the late nineteenth century to the middle of twentieth century.

但是，他并不是浪漫主义音乐的爱好者，这种音乐在他年幼时在他家乡非常盛行。

But he was not a fan of the Romantic style of music that was popular in his homeland during his youth.

学生：等等，在1900年，匈牙利还不是一个国家，不是吗？

Student: Wait, Hungary wasn't a country in 1900, was it?

巴托克出生在奥匈帝国，这个国家在他40岁左右的时候分裂了。

Bartók was born in Austria-Hungary, a nation that broke apart when he was about forty years old.

事实上，他出生的小镇现在是罗马尼亚的一部分。

Actually, the town where he was born is presently part of Romania.

这个地方的政治历史是非常复杂的。

The political history of that region is complex.

简单的说，巴托克一般被人作为匈牙利作家。

Suffice to say that Bartók is generally known as a Hungarian composer.

所以，在巴托克小的时候，奥匈帝国音乐厅中所演奏的音乐大部分是由德国作曲家的浪漫作品为主导。

So during Bartók's youth, the music played in the concert halls of Austria-Hungary was dominated by Romantic pieces by mostly German composers.

我们上个星期讨论过浪漫主义。

We discussed the Romantic style last week.

这些作品很长，并且非常抒情。

他们有意要有一种庄严宏伟在其中。

They were meant to have a sort of grandeur about them.

在20世纪初期，从事浪漫主义的作曲家在奥匈帝国是最受欢迎的。

And in the early 1900s, composers who worked in the Romantic style were the most popular in Austria-Hungary.

但是，巴托克是音乐团体中试图改变这个现象的一员。

But Bartók, he was part of the musical community that was trying to change this.

所以，这是使得他……第一件促使他去做的事情就是旅行。

And it led him to ... well, the first thing it did was lead him to travel.

他着眼于乡村农夫的音乐以及居住在小城镇的人们的音乐，他们的音乐，你可以说，他发现了这些地方流行的音乐。

He looked at the countryside for the music of the farmers and the people who lived in small towns, and their music, well, you could say he discovered the music that was popular in those areas.

教授：我们过去几个星期讨论的音乐，这些音乐都是作曲家和管弦乐队居住的城市中的音乐。

Professor: Well, all the music we have been talking about the past few weeks, it really was all in the cities, that's where the composers and the orchestras were.

在农村偏远地区，在郊外地区，音乐更加传统，过去几代人喜欢的同样的歌曲。

Out in remote areas of the countryside, in rural locations, music was more traditional, the same songs that were enjoyed by previous generations.

巴托克出门旅行了东欧很大一部分的地区。

Bartók went out, he travelled to a significant portion of Eastern Europe actually.

他在乡间漫步，并且倾听小城镇和各种庆典上的音乐。

He roamed the countryside and listened to the music heard in small towns and in all sorts of celebrations.

他参加婚礼、舞会和宗教仪式，在这些地方他听到了和城市音乐厅中演奏的浪漫主义完全不同的音乐。

He attended weddings, dances and religious ceremonies, where he heard a very different sort of music from the Romantic stuff being played in the concert halls in the cities.

他听到的音乐就是我们认为的民俗音乐。

The music he heard is what we would consider folk music.

学生：然后他让这些音乐在音乐厅中演奏？

Student: And then he had those same songs played in the concert halls?

教授：不。一开始他到处去记录这些民俗音乐。

Professor: No. At first he went around to document the folk music.

他真的很想去确保民俗音乐可以在他们消失之前被记录下来。

He really wanted to make sure the folk songs were written down before they disappeared.

事实上，巴托克他开始履行的时候并没有认为他自己是一个作曲家。

In fact, Bartók didn't start out the trip thinking of himself as a composer.

He studied the traditional music of the region.

但是，事实上，后来对整个欧洲产生显著影响的是，巴托克在他作品集中使用在民俗歌曲中听到的元素的方式。

But it turns out that what would later have a notable influence on European music on the whole, was the way Bartók used elements he heard in folk songs in his own compositions.

他采用了很多他曾听过的音乐中的元素，比如不同寻常的节奏等。

He adopted a number of elements from what he heard, like unusual rhythms.

并且他喜欢用滑音作为他的特点，这可能是来源于他听到的克罗地亚民俗音乐。

And he liked to use the glissando as his hallmark, which he probably got from listening to Croatian folk music.

一个滑音就是……我这里一张巴托克的专辑。

A glissando is ... well, I have got a recording of Bartók here.

让我们等到音乐在我们脑中还很鲜活的时候。

Let's wait until the music is fresh in our minds.

Susie, do you have something you want to ask first?

学生：是的。从前，你提到过民族主义和……

Student: Yeah. Before, you mention nationalism and…

当巴托克演奏他新的作品是，他的民俗音乐根源使它们马上流行起来。

When Bartók had his new pieces performed, their folk music roots made them instantly popular.

这正好发生在奥匈帝国有着强烈的名族主义的时候，所以，他的作品推出的正是时候。

It happened to be a time of strong nationalism in Austria-Hungary, so his compositions came at just the right time.

尤其是，当巴托克的芭蕾舞剧《木偶王子》上演的时候，人们对于为融入了当地民俗音乐元素的音乐和反映当地音乐传统的音乐感到非常激动。

Particularly, when Bartók's ballet The Wooden Prince opened, there was great excitement for music that included musical elements from local folk songs, music that reflected the region's musical traditions.

然而，尽管巴托克在他的故乡非常受欢迎，他在他的一生中并没有一获得太多的国际认可。

However, as popular as Bartók was in his homeland, he did not get much international recognition during his lifetime.

What does the professor imply about romantic music in Austria-Hungary in the early 1900s?

Why does the professor mention local celebrations in the countryside?

What was Bartók original goal when he started to travel through eastern Europe?

According to the professor, why was Bartók's music popular in Austria-Hungary?

What does the professor mean when he says this:

Narrator 
Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class. 
Professor 
So I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on the composers' music. And initially I was surprised none of you chose to write about Béla Bartók, that is until I remembered we haven't had a chance to discuss him in class yet. He was a wonderful and ground-breaking composer. 
Béla Bartók was a Hungarian, whose life stretched from the late nineteenth century to the middle of twentieth century. But he was not a fan of the Romantic style of music that was popular in his homeland during his youth. 
Student 
Wait, Hungary wasn't a country in 1900, was it? 
Professor 
You are right. I should have been clear. Bartok was born in Austria-Hungary, a nation that broke apart when he was about forty years old. Actually, the town where he was born is presently part of Romania. The political history of that region is complex. Suffice to say that Bartok is generally known as a Hungarian composer. 
So during Bartók's youth, the music played in the concert halls of Austria-Hungary was dominated by Romantic pieces by mostly German composers. We discussed the Romantic style last week. These pieces were long and lyrical. They were meant to have a sort of grandeur about them. And in the early 1900s, composers who worked in the Romantic style were the most popular in Austria-Hungary. But Bartok, he was part of the musical community that was trying to change this. And it led him to ... well, the first thing it did was lead him to travel. He looked at the countryside for the music of the farmers and the people who lived in small towns, and their music, well, you could say he discovered the music that was popular in those areas. 
Student 
What do you mean? 
Professor 
Well, all the music we have been talking about the past few weeks, it really was all in the cities, that's where the composers and the orchestras were. Out in remote areas of the countryside, in rural locations, music was more traditional, the same songs that were enjoyed by previous generations. Bartók went out, he travelled to a significant portion of Eastern Europe actually. He roamed the countryside and listened to the music heard in small towns and in all sorts of celebrations. He attended weddings, dances and religious ceremonies, where he heard a very different sort of music from the Romantic stuff being played in the concert halls in the cities. The music he heard is what we would consider folk music. 
Student 
And then he had those same songs played in the concert halls? 
Professor 
No. At first he went around to document the folk music. He really wanted to make sure the folk songs were written down before they disappeared. In fact, Bartók didn't start out the trip thinking of himself as a composer. He was an ethnomusicologist. He studied the traditional music of the region. But it turns out that what would later have a notable influence on European music on the whole, was the way Bartók used elements he heard in folk songs in his own compositions. He adopted a number of elements from what he heard, like unusual rhythms. And he liked to use the glissando as his hallmark, which he probably got from listening to Croatian folk music. A glissando is ... well, I have got a recording of Bartok here. Let's wait until the music is fresh in our minds Susie, do you have something you want to ask first? 
Student 
Yeah. Before, you mention nationalism and… 
Professor 
Ah, right, yes. When Bartok had his new pieces performed, their folk music roots made them instantly popular. It happened to be a time of strong nationalism in Austria-Hungary, so his compositions came at just the right time. He became very successful there. Particularly, when Bartok's ballet The Wooden Prince opened, there was great excitement for music that included musical elements from local folk songs, music that reflected the region's musical traditions. However, as popular as Bartok was in his homeland, he did not get much international recognition during his lifetime. 
A glissando is ... well, I have got a recording of Bartok here. Let's wait until the music is fresh in our minds.

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