『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 4 Lec 4听力练习，Official 4 Lec 4原文答案解析，Official 4 Lec 4听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 4 Lec 4听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

旁白：请听一段美国政府课上的演讲。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a United States government class.

教授：好的，上次我们讲了关于美国政府支持艺术的问题。

Professor: OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts.

有同学可以总结一下主要观点吗？Frank？

Who can sum up some of the main points? Frank?

Frank：嗯，我想直到20世纪政府才开始正式支持艺术的发展。

Frank: Well, I guess there wasn't really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century.

但是，美国政府第一次尝试支持艺术的行为是在联邦艺术项目上提出的。

But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project.

教授：对，那对这个项目你有什么看法呢？

Professor: Right, so what can you say about the project?

Frank：嗯，该项目开始于大萧条时期，嗯，二十世纪三十年代设立给无业的艺术家提供了工作。

Frank: Um... it was started during the Depression, um... in the 1930s to employ out-of-work artists.

一方面，该项目创立起了一堆，呃，像社区艺术中心，画廊和像没能接触到艺术的农村艺术。

I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of... uh like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas where people hadn't really had access to the arts.

但是结果政府不是浪费了很多钱在一些造诣都不高的艺术上吗？

But didn't the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn't even very good?

Professor: Uh... some people might say that.

但联邦艺术项目的最初目的不是为了给人们提供工作吗？

But wasn't the primary objective of the Federal Art Project to provide jobs?

它确实给上千位无业艺术家提供了工作。

I mean... it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists.

教授：对。但之后，随着美国参与二战，失业率降低，似乎这些项目就不再有存在的必要性了。

Professor: Right. But then when the United States became involved in the Second World War, unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren't really necessary any longer.

那么，继续，事实上，直到二十世纪六十年代，我们没有见过美国政府再次参与到艺术行业中去。当时正值肯尼迪总统和其他政治家开始出力动用大笔资金支持并改善艺术行业。

So, moving on, we don't actually see any govern... well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts.

我感觉，一大堆政治家，呃，就是政府有义务支持艺术，作为一种，呃，怎么说呢，国家的灵魂或精神支柱。

It was felt by a number of politicians that... well that the government had a responsibility to support the arts as sort of... oh, what can we say?... the the soul... or spirit of the country.

他们的目标是要有联邦津贴。嗯，呃，给艺术家和艺术的或文化机构的财政援助。

The idea was that there be a federal subsidy...um...uh...financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions.

而仅仅因为这些原因，在1965年，美国全国艺术基金会成立。

And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts was created.

所以，通过全国艺术基金会，艺术可以得到发展，全国性范围内得到改善。

So it was through the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts, um...that the arts would develop, would be promoted throughout the nation.

之后，美国各州开始成立自己的州艺术咨询会，支持艺术发展。

And then individual states throughout the country started to establish their own state arts councils to help support the arts.

There was kind of uh…cultural explosion.

而在二十世纪七十年代中期之前，我想应该是1974年，所有五十个州都有自己的艺术机关，他们自己的国家艺术咨询会和联邦政府，公司，艺术家，表演者共事。

And by the mid-1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty states had their own arts agencies, their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it.

教授：嗯，你知道的，公司可不总是奉行利他主义。

Professor: Well, you see, corporations aren't always altruistic.

他们可能不会支持艺术，除非政府给他们点甜头，所以通过提供公司捐税鼓励支持艺术的做法，让公司成为艺术的支持者，从而减轻其税负。

They might not support the arts unless...well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts.

嗯，华盛顿的肯尼迪中心，你们可能去过，或者是纽约的林肯中心。

Um, the Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C., you may uh... maybe you've been there, or Lincoln Centre in New York.

这些地方都是在公司的财政支持下才建立起来的。

Both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations.

而肯尼迪和林肯中心只是其中之一的个例。

And the Kennedy and Lincoln centers aren't the only examples.

美国的很多文化机构都有这样那样的铭牌以表明其支持艺术—不管他们从哪些公司获得的资助。

Many of your cultural establishments in the United States will have a plaque somewhere acknowledging the support – the money they received from whatever corporation.

Janet：但是不是有很多人认为政府不需承当支持艺术行业的责任吗？

Janet: But aren't there a lot of people who don’t think it's the government's role to support the arts?

教授：嗯，事实上，很多政治家，他们不相信政府，却支持艺术。他们要完全脱离政府机构，正因为这个原因，才能脱离政府的支持。

Professor: Well, as a matter of fact, a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support.

但他们只能成功地不依赖年度预算的一半而已。

But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget.

就大众而言，嗯，不赞同政府支持艺术的人和赞同的人的数量相当。

And as far as the public goes, well...there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree.

事实上，特别是艺术家，我们有很多艺术家支持这些机构，并从中受益。

In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency,

尽管似乎很多艺术家反对政府机构参与到艺术行业中去，原因各种各样，像他们不想让政府限制他们创作。

although it seems that just as many artists oppose the government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don't want the government to control what they create.

换句话说，对于支持或反对政府资助艺术行业的争论很多，原因也很多，就像各种艺术家拥有自己的艺术风格一样。

In other words, the arguments both for and against government funding of the arts are as many and, and as varied as the individual styles of the artists who hold them.

According to the talk, in what two ways was the Federal Art Project successful?

The class discusses some important events related to government support for the arts in the United States. Put the events in order from earliest to latest. [Drag each sentence to the space where it belongs. The first one is done for you.] The government provided no official support for the arts.

Why does the professor mention the Kennedy Center and Lincoln Center?

What does the professor say about artists' opinions of government support for the arts?

What does the professor imply when she says this:

Narrator 
Listen to part of a lecture in a United States government class. 
Professor 
OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up some of the main points? 
Frank? 
Frank 
Well, I guess there wasn’t really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century. But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project. 
Professor 
Right, so what can you say about the project? 
Frank 
Um…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employ out of-work artists. 
Professor 
So was it successful? Janet? What do you say? 
Janet 
Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas where people hadn’t really had access to the arts. 
Professor 
Right. 
Frank 
Yeah. But didn’t the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even very good? 
Professor 
Uh…some people might say that. But wasn’t the primary objective of the Federal Art Project to provide jobs? 
Frank 
That’s true. I mean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists. 
Frank 
Well, I guess there wasn’t really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century. But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project. 
Professor 
Right, so what can you say about the project? 
Frank 
Um…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employ out of-work artists. 
Professor 
So was it successful? Janet? What do you say? 
Janet 
Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas where people hadn’t really had access to the arts. 
Professor 
Right. 
Frank 
Yeah. But didn’t the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even very good? 
Professor 
Uh…some people might say that. But wasn’t the primary objective of the Federal Art Project to provide jobs? 
Frank 
That’s true. I mean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists. 
Professor 
Right. But then when the United States became involved in the Second World War, unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren’t really necessary any longer. 
So, moving on, we don't actually see any govern…well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts. 
It was felt by a number of politicians that …well that the government had a responsibility to support the arts as sort of… oh, what can we say?...the soul…or spirit of the country. The idea was that there be a federal subsidy…um…uh…financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions. And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the arts was created. So it was through the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts, um…that the arts would develop, would be promoted throughout the nation. 
And then individual states throughout the country started to establish their own state arts councils to help support the arts. There was kind of uh…cultural explosion. And by the mid-1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty states had their own arts agencies, their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it. 
Frank 
Did you just say corporations? How are they involved? 
Professor 
Well, you see, corporations aren’t always altruistic. They might not support the arts unless…well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts. Um, the Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C. , you may uh…maybe you’ve been there, or Lincoln Centre in New York. Both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations. And the Kennedy and Lincoln center’s aren’t the only examples. Many of your cultural establishments in the United States will have a plaque somewhere acknowledging the support – the money they received from whatever corporation. Oh, yes, Janet? 
Janet 
But aren’t there a lot of people who don’t think it’s the government’s role to support the arts? 
Professor 
Well, as a matter of fact, a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support. But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget. And as far as the public goes, well…there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree. 
Professor 
Well, you see, corporations aren’t always altruistic. They might not support the arts unless…well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts. Um, the Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C. , you may uh…maybe you’ve been there, or Lincoln Centre in New York. Both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations. And the Kennedy and Lincoln center’s aren’t the only examples. Many of your cultural establishments in the United States will have a plaque somewhere acknowledging the support – the money they received from whatever corporation. 
Professor 
Well, as a matter of fact, a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support. But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget. And as far as the public goes, well…there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree. 
In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists oppose the government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create. In other words, the arguments both for and against government funding of the arts are as many and, and as varied as the individual styles of the artists who hold them. 
Janet 
Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas where people hadn’t really had access to the arts. 
Professor 
Right. 
Frank 
Yeah. But didn’t the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even very good? 
Professor 
Uh…some people might say that. But wasn’t the primary objective of the Federal Art Project to provide jobs? 
Frank 
That’s true. I mean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists.

北美留学考试	英联邦留学考试	专业问答
TOEFL	IELTS	雅思专业问答
GRE	A Level	托福专业问答
GMAT	PTE	GRE专业问答
SAT	Interchange	GMAT专业问答
ACT	英本精英计划
AP/SSAT/IB
美高先修课
美本精英计划
美研精英计划