『新东方在线托福写作』为托福考生准备了ETS托福Official 62 Task1综合写作练习：Throughout the world's oceans, hard structures such as natural reefs provide ideal marine habitats. 真题题目及答案解析，Official 62 Task1写作原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPOOfficial 62 Task1写作学术讨论/综合写作题目高分范文示例翻译【新东方在线】

旁白：现在请听一段关于您刚刚阅读的主题的讲座内容。

NARRATOR: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

教授：许多科学家认为人工鱼礁可能带来的问题多于益处。

MALE PROFESSOR: Many scientists believe that artificial reefs are likely to create more problems than benefits.

首先，尽管在人工鱼礁附近捕获的鱼数量有所增加，但这并不一定意味着鱼类的总体数量有所增长。

First, the fact that more fish are reported as being caught near artificial reefs doesn't necessarily mean that overall populations of fish have grown larger.

回想一下鱼礁是如何运作的。鱼礁会吸引鱼群聚集，对吧？

Remember how reefs work. Reefs attract fish to them, right?

这意味着原本生活在更远地方的鱼群会迁移到这些鱼礁附近并停留下来，所以捕获数量的增加可能仅仅是因为鱼礁吸引了大量原本生活在其他地方的鱼。

This means that fish that once lived in more distant locations have moved to and stayed near these reefs, so the higher catch numbers may simply mean that the reefs have attracted a lot of fish that once lived somewhere else.

实际上，通过将大量鱼群吸引到一个特定地点，人工鱼礁可能会导致鱼类数量减少，因为它们帮助渔民捕获了过多的鱼，以至于鱼群无法维持其数量。

In fact, by attracting a lot of fish to a single location, artificial reefs may cause a decrease in fish populations because they help fishers to catch so many fish that the fish cannot maintain their populations.

其次，允许小型渔民在秘密地点建造人工鱼礁而不告知其他人这些地点是个糟糕的主意。

Second, it's a bad idea to allow small scale fishers to create artificial reefs in secret locations and not tell other people where they are.

不知道鱼礁的位置可能会引发各种安全问题。

Not knowing where the reefs are can cause all kinds of safety problems.

例如，使用大网捕鱼的渔民可能会让渔网缠在鱼礁上并因此受损。

For example, other fishers who use large nets to catch fish can get their nets caught on reefs and destroyed as a result.

在浅水区，船只甚至可能会撞上隐秘的暗礁。

In shallow waters, boats might even crash into secret reefs.

如今，人工鱼礁唯一能确保安全的办法就是公开其位置。

Now the only way artificial reefs can be made safe is to make their locations known.

但一旦鱼礁的位置公开，小规模渔民在利用这些鱼礁时就不再具有竞争优势。

But when reef locations are public, small scale fishers have no competitive advantage in using those reefs.

最后，人工鱼礁即便去除了有害化学物质，也可能造成严重的环境破坏。

Finally, artificial reefs can cause serious environmental damage, even when harmful chemicals have been removed from them.

奥森斯堡礁是由废旧汽车轮胎构成的人工鱼礁。

The Osborne reef was an artificial reef made of used car tires.

这些轮胎被捆绑在一起，但当风暴来袭时，部分人工鱼礁松动，开始撞击周围的海底。

The tires were bound together, but when a storm came, parts of this artificial reef came loose and started crashing into the surrounding sea floor.

在风暴的推动下，奥森斯堡礁的松散部分造成了大量环境破坏，损害了许多生活在海底的海洋植物和动物。

The loose parts of the Osborne reef, propelled by the force of the storm, caused a lot of environmental damage, harming many marine plants and animals living on the sea floor.

Throughout the world's oceans, hard structures such as natural reefs provide ideal marine habitats. Reefs provide hard surfaces to which plants, coral, and sponges can attach, and thereby provide food and shelter for many types of fish. Recently, workers in the fishing industry have tried to increase the amount of suitable habitat for fish by constructing artificial reefs from old metal objects and industrial materials and placing them in coastal waters. Artificial reefs have several benefits. Many fishers believe that by giving fish more places to gather and reproduce artificial reefs have increased the populations of some species of fish. For example, a report from one extensive artificial reef program in the Gulf of Mexico shows that the number of red snapper fish harvested in the area has increased by as much as ten times compared with harvests a century ago. The increases in the number of fish caught began after the start of the artificial reef program. Artificial reefs can also improve the economic competitiveness of small-scale fishers. This is possible because small-scale fishers are able to create their own private artificial reefs in secret locations only they know. Currently, small-scale fishers struggle to compete with larger corporations because fishing grounds are limited in number and most are known to everyone. Creating fishing areas known only to the fishers who make them will help independent fishers support themselves and their local communities. Finally, artificial reefs are a good way to recycle materials no longer needed for other purposes. Artificial reefs can be made from old cars and other objects that are otherwise difficult to dispose of. Once these materials have been cleaned to ensure that no harmful chemicals remain, they can be placed in the ocean to serve as reefs for marine life. Artificial reefs thus provide a relatively inexpensive environmentally friendly way to reuse materials. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific points made in the reading passage.

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