『新东方在线托福写作』为托福考生准备了ETS托福Official 63 Task1综合写作练习：Native to Europe and Asia, cheatgrass is an invasive species of grass that is causing problems in No真题题目及答案解析，Official 63 Task1写作原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPOOfficial 63 Task1写作学术讨论/综合写作题目高分范文示例翻译【新东方在线】

旁白：现在请听一段关于你刚刚读到的主题的讲座。

NARRATOR:Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

教授：阅读材料中提到的方法在控制旱雀麦方面可能不会很有效。以下是原因。

MALE PROFESSOR:The methods mentioned in the reading are not likely to work very well in controlling cheatgrass. Here's why.

首先，旱雀麦并不是食草动物偏爱的植物。

First, cheatgrass is not a plant that grazers prefer.

这意味着，如果将食草动物释放到一个有很多旱雀麦但也有其他种类植物的田地里，食草动物会先吃掉其他种类的植物。

This means that if grazers are released in a field that has a lot of cheatgrass, but that also has other kinds of plants, the grazers will eat the other kinds of plants first.

食草动物可能会吃一些旱雀麦，但只有在原生草和植物——那些我们试图保护的草和植物——被破坏之后。

The grazers might eat some of the cheatgrass, but only after the native grasses and plants, the grasses and plants that we're trying to protect have been destroyed.

因此，将食草动物释放到有旱雀麦的田地中可能会产生与预期相反的效果。

So releasing grazing animals into fields with cheatgrass will probably have the opposite effect of the one intended.

原生草会减少，但旱雀麦仍然大量存在。

There will be fewer native grasses, but plenty of cheat grass still around.

其次，火会摧毁地表上的旱雀麦植物，但这并不意味着旱雀麦不会迅速重新生长。

Second, fire will destroy cheatgrass plants on the surface but that doesn't mean cheatgrass won't quickly come back.

这些种子甚至在落地几年后仍能发芽。

The seeds can germinate even a few years after falling to the ground.

许多种子会被推到地表以下的土壤中。

Many seeds get pushed down into the soil below the surface.

如果种子在地表以下，火就无法伤害它们。

If the seeds are below the surface, fire cannot harm them.

因此，在火烧掉田地表面的旱雀麦植物和种子后，埋在地表以下土壤中的种子会发芽并长出新的植物，田地很快又会布满旱雀麦。

So, after the fire has burned away cheatgrass, plants and seeds on the surface of a field, the seeds that are buried in the soil below the surface sprout and give rise to new plants, and the field is soon again filled with cheatgrass.

这里你需要理解的是，旱雀麦和真菌寄生虫在它们的原生栖息地中已经共同生活了数千年。

Here you have to understand that cheatgrass and the fungal parasite have lived together in their native habitats for thousands of years.

在这段时间里，旱雀麦植物已经能够对真菌产生一定的抵抗力。

During this time, cheatgrass plants have been able to develop some resistance against the fungus.

因此，虽然真菌有能力伤害旱雀麦，但实际上，它只会伤害那些已经虚弱或有病的旱雀麦植物。

So while the fungus has the ability to harm cheetgrass, in reality, it only harms cheatgrass plants that are already weak or sickly.

健康和强壮的旱雀麦植物通常能够抵抗真菌感染。

The healthy and strong cheatgrass plants can usually resist the fungal infection.

因此，将真菌寄生虫引入北美可能不会很有效。

So introducing the fungal parasite into North America will probably not be efficient.

Native to Europe and Asia, cheatgrass is an invasive species of grass that is causing problems in North American fields. The plant quickly dominates fields that it has invaded and drives out other plants. This can cause, among other problems, severe damage to animal habitats and to scenic areas. Several solutions to the cheatgrass problem have been proposed by ecologists. One option is to encourage animals such as cattle to feed on cheatgrass. Cattle and other livestock are known as grazers because they graze, or eat, small portions of grass or other plants throughout the day. If grazers were released in fields where cheatgrass is prevalent, the cheatgrass would be reduced. That would create room for native species to reestablish themselves and flourish. This plan is appealing because cheatgrass is most prevalent in areas of North America where cattle and other livestock are raised. Another option is to burn the cheatgrass off the fields with controlled fires. This plan has the advantage of eliminating vast amounts of cheatgrass in a short time. Cheatgrass, it turns out, is a highly flammable plant: it burns much more easily than the native plant species that have been crowded out. Strategically set fires could burn away the cheatgrass where it has come to dominate, creating space so the newly cleared fields could be reseeded with native grasses and other plants. Still another option is to introduce a fungal parasite that specifically attacks cheatgrass. In Europe and Asia, where cheatgrass is a native species, there is a species of fungus that has the ability to prevent cheatgrass from reproducing. Introducing this fungus in North American fields where cheatgrass has proliferated could slow the spread of cheatgrass, making it possible for native species to better compete against cheatgrass. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific methods proposed in the reading passage.

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