『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#26听力练习，【学术讲座】#26原文答案解析，【学术讲座】#26听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#26听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

教授：行为经济学是一个结合心理学和经济学见解的领域，旨在理解人们如何做出经济决策。

Professor: Behavioral economics is a field that combines insights from psychology and economics to understand how people make economic decisions.

与假设个体行为理性的传统经济学不同，行为经济学认识到，由于认知偏差和情感因素，人们的行为往往是非理性的。

Unlike traditional economics, which assumes that individuals act rationally, behavioral economics recognizes that people often behave irrationally due to cognitive biases and emotional factors.

行为经济学中的一个关键概念是启发法，即人们用来快速做决策的心理捷径。

One key concept in behavioral economics is the idea of heuristics, which are mental shortcuts that people use to make decisions quickly.

虽然启发法可能是有帮助的，但它们也可能导致系统性判断错误。

While heuristics can be helpful, they can also lead to systematic errors in judgment.

例如，可得性启发法导致人们高估被广泛报道的事件的可能性，如飞机失事，同时低估更常见的风险，如车祸。

For example, the availability heuristic causes people to overestimate the likelihood of events that are widely reported, such as plane crashes, while underestimating more common risks like car accidents.

另一个重要概念是损失厌恶，即人们对损失的痛苦感受比获得的愉悦感受更为强烈。

Another important concept is loss aversion, which suggests that people experience the pain of loss more intensely than the pleasure of gain.

这可能导致风险规避行为，即个体更倾向于避免损失，而不是追求等量的收益。

This can lead to risk-averse behavior, where individuals are more likely to avoid losses than to pursue equivalent gains.

例如，投资者可能会持有亏损的股票过久，寄希望于它们会反弹，而不是及时止损。

For instance, investors might hold onto losing stocks for too long, hoping they will rebound, rather than cutting their losses.

理解这些及其他行为偏差可以帮助政策制定者设计更好的经济政策和干预措施。

Understanding these and other behavioral biases can help policymakers design better economic policies and interventions.

接下来，我们将探讨“助推”（即选择呈现方式的微妙变化）如何帮助人们做出更好的决策。

Next, we will examine how nudges, or subtle changes in the way choices are presented, can help people reach better decisions.

According to the speaker, what is a problem with using heuristics?

What will the speaker most likely discuss next?

Professor:  Behavioral economics is a field that combines insights from psychology and economics to understand how people make economic decisions. Unlike traditional economics, which assumes that individuals act rationally, behavioral economics recognizes that people often behave irrationally due to cognitive biases and emotional factors.One key concept in behavioral economics is the idea of heuristics, which are mental shortcuts that people use to make decisions quickly. While heuristics can be helpful, they can also lead to systematic errors in judgment. For example, the availability heuristic causes people to overestimate the likelihood of events that are widely reported, such as plane crashes, while underestimating more common risks like car accidents. Another important concept is loss aversion, which suggests that people experience the pain of loss more intensely than the pleasure of gain. This can lead to risk-averse behavior, where individuals are more likely to avoid losses than to pursue equivalent gains. For instance, investors might hold onto losing stocks for too long, hoping they will rebound, rather than cutting their losses.Understanding these and other behavioral biases can help policymakers design better economic policies and interventions. Next, we will examine how nudges, or subtle changes in the way choices are presented, can help people reach better decisions.

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