『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#41听力练习，【学术讲座】#41原文答案解析，【学术讲座】#41听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#41听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

我的兄弟亚历克斯一直想养一只猫。他喜欢猫胜过狗。

My brother Alex has always wanted to get a cat. He likes cats better than dogs.

有一天，他给我发了一篇题为《哪种宠物适合你》的网络文章，并说：你看，连专家都同意猫更好。

One day he sent me an online article titled "Which Pet is Right for You" and says, see, even experts agree cats are better.

但我读了那篇文章，里面根本没有这么说。

But when I read the article, nowhere did it say that.

文章呈现的是平衡的事实：狗忠诚且可训练，而猫独立且易于照顾。

The article presents balanced facts. Dogs are loyal and trainable while cats are independent and low maintenance.

我的兄弟并非不诚实；他只是只关注了那些赞美猫的部分，而略过或忽略了突出狗优点的内容。

My brother was not being dishonest; he simply focused only on the parts that praise cats and skimmed over or dismissed the parts that highlight dogs' advantages.

我们的大脑是懒惰的。它们喜欢一致性。与我们已经知道的信息相符的内容更容易理解，脑力消耗也更少。

Our brains are lazy. They like consistency. Information that aligns with what we already know is easier to understand and less mentally taxing.

因此，我们的大脑会主动寻找这类信息，而过滤掉其余部分。

So our brains seek it out and filter out the rest.

这会影响我们在日常生活和工作中做出的决策。科学家也无法免于确认偏误。

This affects the decisions we make in our daily life as well as in work. Scientists are not immune to confirmation bias.

研究人员可能会无意中以支持自己假设的方式设计实验或解读数据，而忽略那些不符合预期的结果。

Researchers may unintentionally design experiments or interpret data in ways that support their hypotheses, overlooking results that do not fit their expectations.

科学研究中有缺陷的结论可能会导致严重后果。

Flawed conclusions in scientific studies can lead to serious consequences.

那么，我们该如何尽量减少确认偏误呢？

So what can we do to minimize confirmation bias?

第一步是认识到确认偏误的存在。要意识到自己可能会有偏见。

The first step is to recognize the existence of confirmation bias. Know that you might be biased.

然后，主动去寻找那些挑战你信念的信息。

Then actively seek out information that challenges your beliefs.

不要只和持相同观点的人交流，同时要放慢节奏。不要仓促做出决定。

Don't only talk with people who hold the same views as yours, and slow down. Don't make hasty decisions.

What does the speaker say about the viewpoint expressed in the article his brother sent him?

What does the speaker mean when he says that the human brain is lazy?

What does the speaker point out about scientists?

Listen to part of a psychology podcast.<br />My brother Alex has always wanted to get a cat. He likes cats better than dogs. One day he sent me an online article titled Which Pet is Right for You and says see, even experts agree cats are better. But when I read the article, nowhere did it say that. The article presents balanced facts. Dogs are loyal and trainable while cats are independent and low maintenance. My brother was not being dishonest, he simply focused only on the parts that preys cats and skimmed over or dismissed the parts that highlight dogs advantages. This is called confirmation bias. Our brains are lazy. They like consistency. Information that aligns with what we already know is easier to understand and less mentally taxing. So our brains seek it out and filter out the rest. This affects the decisions we make in our daily life as well as in work. Scientists are not immune to confirmation bias. Researchers may unintentionally design experiments or interpret data in ways that support their hypotheses, overlooking results that do not fit their expectations. Flawed conclusions in scientific studies can lead to serious consequences. So what can we do to minimize confirmation bias? The first step is to recognize the existence of confirmation bias. Know that you might be biased. Then actively seek out information that challenges your beliefs. Don't only talk with people who hold the same views as yours and slow down. Don't make hasty decisions.

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