『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#60听力练习，【学术讲座】#60原文答案解析，【学术讲座】#60听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#60听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

Woman: Let's talk a bit about bird migration.

候鸟在繁殖地和越冬地之间长途跋涉，通常要飞行数千英里。

Migratory birds travel vast distances between their breeding and wintering grounds, often covering thousands of miles.

这些迁徙是由寻找具有充足食物供应和适宜气候条件的栖息地这一需求驱动的。

These journeys are driven by the need to find suitable habitats with adequate food supplies and favorable climate conditions.

迁徙最引人注目的方面之一是鸟类能够在如此长的距离上准确导航的能力。

One of the most remarkable aspects of migration is a bird's ability to navigate accurately over such long distances.

鸟类利用各种导航线索，例如太阳、恒星的位置，以及令人难以置信的是，地球的磁场。

Birds use a variety of navigational cues, such as the position of the sun, stars, and, incredibly, Earth's magnetic field.

某些鸟类在它们的眼睛中有一种特殊的蛋白质，使它们能够看到磁场，这有助于它们保持在正确的路线上。

Certain bird species have a special protein in their eyes that allows them to see magnetic fields, and this helps them stay on course.

候鸟通过传播种子和控制害虫在生态系统中发挥着关键作用，因此它们的减少会导致整个食物网的不平衡。

Migratory birds play key roles in ecosystems by dispersing seeds and controlling pests, so their decline can cause imbalances throughout food webs.

当然，数百甚至数千英里的迁徙将充满风险。

Of course, a migration over hundreds or even thousands of miles will be fraught with risk.

明显的危险包括恶劣的天气条件、捕食者以及精疲力竭和饥饿的风险。

Obvious dangers include harsh weather conditions, predators, and the risk of exhaustion and starvation.

不那么明显的是，人类活动也对候鸟构成重大威胁。

Less obviously, human activities also pose significant threats to migratory birds.

栖息地破坏、污染和气候变化已经导致许多候鸟种群数量下降。

Habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change have led to a decline in many migratory bird populations.

在夜间，光污染会使依靠星星导航的鸟类迷失方向，导致它们迷路或与建筑物相撞。

At night, light pollution can disorient birds that navigate by the stars, causing them to become lost or collide with buildings.

保护关键栖息地和减少光污染是有助于保护候鸟的几个措施。

Protecting key habitats and reducing light pollution are a few of the steps that can help safeguard migrating birds.

解决方案包括对鸟类友好的建筑设计，以及在迁徙高峰期鼓励关闭不必要灯光的计划。

Solutions include bird-friendly building design and programs that encourage turning off unnecessary lights during peak migration seasons.

How does a special protein in the eyes of some birds help them navigate?

What does the speaker warn may cause imbalances in food webs?

According to the speaker, what is a measure people can take to protect migrating birds?

Listen to a talk on a science podcast. Woman: Let's talk a bit about bird migration. Migratory birds travel vast distances between their breeding and wintering grounds, often covering thousands of miles. These journeys are driven by the need to find suitable habitats with adequate food supplies and favorable climate conditions. One of the most remarkable aspects of migration is a bird's ability to navigate accurately over such long distances. Birds use a variety of navigational cues, such as the position of the sun, stars, and, incredibly, Earth's magnetic field. Certain bird species have a special protein in their eyes that allows them to see magnetic fields, and this helps them stay on course. Migratory birds play key roles in ecosystems by dispersing seeds and controlling pests, so their decline can cause imbalances throughout food webs. Of course, a migration over hundreds or even thousands of miles will be fraught with risk. Obvious dangers include harsh weather conditions, predators, and the risk of exhaustion and starvation. Less obviously, human activities also pose significant threats to migratory birds. Habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change have led to a decline in many migratory bird populations. At night, light pollution can disorient birds that navigate by the stars, causing them to become lost or collide with buildings. Protecting key habitats and reducing light pollution are a few of the steps that can help safeguard migrating birds. Solutions include bird friendly building design and programs that encourage turning off unnecessary lights during peak migration seasons.

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