『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#62听力练习，【学术讲座】#62原文答案解析，【学术讲座】#62听力原文练习音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#62听力原答案解析-音频翻译【新东方在线】

请听一段社会学课堂上的讲座。

文化相对主义是这样一种观念：一个人的信仰和行为应该基于其自身文化来理解

Cultural relativism is the idea that a person's beliefs and activities should be understood based on that person's own culture

而不是用另一种文化的标准来评判。

rather than be judged against the criteria of another culture.

这一概念与民族中心主义形成对比

This concept contrasts with ethnocentrism

后者是按照自身文化的标准来评价其他文化的做法。

which is the practice of evaluating other cultures according to the standards of one's own culture.

文化相对主义鼓励我们在文化自身的背景下来看待其行为实践。

Cultural relativism encourages us to view cultural practices in their own context.

例如，尽管包办婚姻对某些人来说可能显得过时

For example, while arranged marriages may seem outdated to some

但在许多文化中它是一种规范，并且常常具有重要的社会功能。

they are a norm in many cultures and often serve important social functions.

实践文化相对主义使社会学家和人类学家能够更深入地理解文化实践如何塑造社会。

Practicing cultural relativism allows sociologists and anthropologists to gain a deeper understanding of how cultural practices shape societies.

然而，文化相对主义也并非没有挑战。

However, cultural relativism is not without its challenges.

批评者认为，它可能导致道德相对主义

Critics argue that it can lead to moral relativism

即所有文化实践都被视为同样合理，从而有可能为那些侵犯人权的做法开脱。

where all cultural practices are seen as equally valid, potentially excusing practices that violate human rights.

在尊重文化多样性与承认普遍人权之间取得平衡是一个复杂的问题。

Balancing respect for cultural diversity with the recognition of universal human rights is a complex issue.

接下来，我们将探讨一些案例研究，这些案例阐明了文化相对主义的原则及其在跨文化研究中的应用。

Next, we will explore case studies that illustrate the principles of cultural relativism and its application in cross-cultural research.

According to the speaker, what is a central concern of cultural relativism?

The speaker implies that viewing arranged marriages as outdated is an example of what?

What is a possible problem with cultural relativism?

Listen to a talk in a sociology class.Cultural relativism is the idea that a person's beliefs and activities should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another culture. This concept contrasts with ethnocentrism, which is the practice of evaluating other cultures according to the standards of one's own culture. Cultural relativism encourages us to view cultural practices in their own context. For example, while arranged marriages may seem outdated to some, they are a norm in many cultures and often serve important social functions. Practicing cultural relativism allows sociologists and anthropologists to gain a deeper understanding of how cultural practices shape societies. However, cultural relativism is not without its challenges. Critics argue that it can lead to moral relativism, where all cultural practices are seen as equally valid, potentially excusing practices that violate human rights, balancing respect for cultural diversity with the recognition of universal human rights is a complex issue. Next, we will explore case studies that illustrate the principles of cultural relativism and its application in crossed cultural research.

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