『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#77听力练习，【学术讲座】#77原文答案解析，【学术讲座】#77听力原文练习音频翻译。

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今天，我们将探讨存在主义这一概念，这是一场强调个人自由、选择和存在的哲学运动。

Today. We'll explore the concept of existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, choice and existence.

存在主义在20世纪通过让-保罗·萨特、西蒙娜·德·波伏娃和阿尔贝·加缪等思想家而获得显著地位。

Existentialism gained prominence in the 20th century through thinkers such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and Albert Camus.

存在主义的核心思想是，人类并非由预先存在的类别或本质特征所定义。

The core idea of existentialism is that humans are not defined by preexisting categories or essential characteristics.

相反，我们首先存在，然后通过我们的行动和选择来定义自己。

Instead, we exist first and then define ourselves through our actions and choices.

这一概念被概括在“存在先于本质”这句名言中。

This notion is encapsulated in the famous phrase, "existence precedes essence."

存在主义者认为，每个人都有责任创造自己生活的意义，而不是通过宗教或社会规范等外部来源来找到它。

Existentialists argue that each person is responsible for creating their own meaning in life, rather than finding it through external sources like religion or societal norms.

当个人面对塑造自己生活的自由和负担时，这可能会导致焦虑感或存在性焦虑。

This can lead to feelings of anxiety or existential angst as individuals confront the freedom and burden of shaping their own lives.

例如，萨特广泛地讨论了“自欺”这一概念

For instance, Sartre spoke extensively about the concept of bad faith

即个体通过顺从社会期望或否认自己的潜力来欺骗自己，以逃避自由的焦虑。

where individuals deceive themselves to escape the anxiety of freedom by conforming to societal expectations or denying their own potential.

存在主义还涉及本真性和异化等主题。

Existentialism also addresses themes of authenticity and alienation.

本真性涉及拥抱自己的自由，并做出反映真实自我的选择

Authenticity involves embracing one's freedom and making choices that reflect one's true self

而异化则指与真实自我或社会中他人的疏离。

while alienation refers to the disconnection from one's true self or others in society.

尽管存在主义可能看起来抽象，但它的思想影响了文学、心理学甚至政治学

Although existentialism may seem abstract, its ideas have influenced literature, psychology and even politics

为人类状况和现代生活的复杂性提供了深刻的见解。

offering profound insights into the human condition and the complexities of modern life.

According to the talk, what does the phrase "existence precedes essence" mean?

Why does the speaker mention "bad faith"?

What can be inferred about existentialism in modern life?

Listen to a talk in a philosophy class.Today. We'll explore the concept of existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, choice and existence. Existentialism gained prominent in the 20th century through thinkers such as Jean Paul Sarch, Simone de Beauvoir and Albert Cameo. The core idea of existentialism is that humans are not defined by preexisting categories or essential characteristics. Instead, we exist first and then define ourselves through our actions and choices. This notion is encapsulated in such famous phrase, existence precedes essence. Existentialists argue that each person is responsible for creating their own meaning in life, rather than finding it through external sources like religion or societal norms. This can lead to feelings of anxiety or existential angst as individuals confront the freedom and burden of shaping their own lives. For instance, Sarch spoke extensively about the concept of bad faith, where individuals deceive themselves to escape the anxiety of freedom by conforming to societal expectations or denying their own potential. Existentialism also addresses themes of authenticity and alienation. Authenticity involves embracing one's freedom and making choices that reflect one's true self, while alienation refers to the disconnection from one's true self or others in society. Although existentialism may seem abstract, its ideas have influenced literature, psychology and even politics, offering profound insights into the human condition and the complexities of modern life.

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