『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#79听力练习，【学术讲座】#79原文答案解析，【学术讲座】#79听力原文练习音频翻译。

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认知失调指的是当一个人同时持有两个或更多相互矛盾的信念、价值观或态度时所经历的心理不适。

Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values or attitudes simultaneously.

这一理论由心理学家利昂·费斯廷格在20世纪50年代提出，它表明人们有动力通过改变自己的态度、信念或行为来减少这种不适。

This theory, developed by psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s, suggests that people are motivated to reduce this discomfort by changing their attitudes, beliefs or behaviors.

例如，想象一个重视健康但却吸烟的人。

For example, imagine someone who values health but smokes cigarettes.

他们的行为（吸烟）与信念（重视健康）之间的冲突产生了认知失调。

The conflict between their behavior (smoking) and their belief (valuing health) creates cognitive dissonance.

为了减少这种不适，他们可能会决定戒烟，或者通过淡化吸烟相关的健康风险来为自己的行为找理由。

To reduce this discomfort, they might decide to quit smoking or rationalize their behavior by downplaying the health risks associated with smoking.

认知失调在决策中也起着重要作用。

Cognitive dissonance can also play a significant role in decision making.

当面临艰难选择时，人们在做出决定后常常会经历失调，特别是当被选方案存在缺点时。

When faced with a difficult choice, people often experience dissonance after making a decision, particularly if the chosen option has downsides.

为了缓解这种不适，他们可能会寻找支持自己选择的信息，而忽略与之相矛盾的信息。

To alleviate this discomfort, they may seek out information that supports their choice and ignore information that contradicts it.

理解认知失调对心理学家来说至关重要，因为它解释了人类行为的各个方面

Understanding cognitive dissonance is crucial for psychologists because it explains various aspects of human behavior

包括为什么人们有时会以与其公开宣称的信念和价值观相矛盾的方式行事。

including why people sometimes act in ways that contradict their stated beliefs and values.

接下来，我们将讨论为研究认知失调而进行的一些实验及其对心理学研究的意义。

Next, we will discuss some experiments conducted to study cognitive dissonance and their implications for psychological research.

Why does the speaker mention someone who smokes cigarettes?

According to the speaker, what do people sometimes do after making a decision?

What will the speaker most likely discuss next?

Listen to a talk in a psychology class.Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values or attitudes simultaneously. This theory, developed by psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s, suggests that people are motivated to reduce this discomfort by changing their attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. For example, imagine someone who values health but smokes cigarettes. The conflict between their behavior smoking and their belief valuing health creates cognitive dissonance. To reduce this discomfort, they might decide to quit smoking or rationalize their behavior by downplaying the health risks associated with smoking.Cognitive dissonance can also play a significant role in decision making. When faced with a difficult choice, people often experience dissonance after making a decision, particularly if the chosen option has downsides. To alleviate this discomfort, they may seek out information that supports their choice and ignore information that contradicts it.Understanding cognitive dissonance is crucial for psychologists because it explains various aspects of human behavior, including why people sometimes act in ways that contradict their stated beliefs and values. Next, we will discuss some experiments conducted to study cognitive dissonance and their implications for psychological research.

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