『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 56 Con 1听力练习：What does the student imply about Johnson’s argument?原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 56 Con 1听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 56 Con 1听力原文What does the student imply about Johnson’s argument?【新东方在线】

旁白：听一个学生和她的哲学教授之间的对话。

NARRATOR:Listen to a conversation between a student and her philosophy professor.

男教授：嗨，劳拉，一切都好吗？

MALE PROFESSOR:Hi, Laura. Everything alright?

女学生：是啊，我就是想让你知道，这个学期之后，我，呃，我决定转专业了。

FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah. I just... wanted to let you know... after this semester I... I’ve decided to change my major.

男教授：真的，为什么？我以为你喜欢哲学。

MALE PROFESSOR:Really? Why? I, I thought you loved philosophy.

女学生：我知道，但我不知道。我必须务实一些。

FEMALE STUDENT:I do, but ... I don’t know. I have to be practical.

所有的哲学课程都很好，但我的意思是，我需要在毕业后开始考虑找工作。

It’s great to take all these philosophy classes, but I mean... I need to start thinking about finding a job after I graduate.

男教授：因为哲学学位的人没有什么可以提供给雇主的，对吧？

MALE PROFESSOR:Because, uh let’s see... people with a degree in philosophy don’t have anything to offer employers. Right?

女学生：嗯，有点。我的很多朋友都是商科专业的。我需要学习一些真正为我的职业生涯做好准备的东西。

FEMALE STUDENT:Well... kind of. Lots of my friends are business majors. I need to study something that’ll actually prepare me for a career.

MALE PROFESSOR:If I had a dollar for every time I heard that.

好吧，当然，学习商科等对相关就业是很好的准备，尤其是对于那些已经清楚自己职业目标的人。

OK. Studying something like business is great preparation, of course. Especially for people who already know their career goals.

但是对于那些不知道的人，好吧，你的呢？你的目标是什么？

But for those who don’t, well... what’s yours, what’re your goals?

男教授：所以对你来说，也许这不是最好的选择。

MALE PROFESSOR:So, for you... perhaps it’s not the best option.

女学生：这是一个很好的观点。

男教授：主修哲学，还有可能读研究生，我认为这对你来说非常好。其实你知道，有很多东西对任何职业都有价值。

MALE PROFESSOR:With a major in philosophy... besides the possibility of grad school—which I think would be wonderful for you—you know lots of things that are valuable in any career.

女学生：比如什么？约翰逊如何试图反驳伯克利的经验主义？

FEMALE STUDENT:Like what? How Johnson tried to refute Berkeley’s empiricism?

男教授：嗯，约翰逊做了什么？

MALE PROFESSOR:Well... what did Johnson do?

女学生：嗯，你知道，伯克利说的是我们不能真正知道任何物体，我们只能感知它们。这都是关于我们可以感知事物的感官。

FEMALE STUDENT:Well, you know... what Berkeley said was that we can’t really know any objects, we can just perceive them. It’s all about our senses perceiving things.

基本上，伯克利指出，相信实际的实体物质是没有意义的。

Berkeley basically made the point that it doesn’t really make sense to believe in actual, physical matter...

约翰逊所做的就是试图反驳这一点，于是他踢了一块大石头。

What Johnson did was, Johnson was trying to disprove that, so he kicked a big stone.

MALE PROFESSOR:Uh-huh. So, what do you think of that?

女学生：嗯，我也不相信伯克利，但我真的不认为约翰逊反驳了什么。

FEMALE STUDENT:Well, not that I’m convinced by Berkeley either, but I really don’t think Johnson refuted anything.

而且我认为伯克利只会说约翰逊除了他的感觉之外什么都不知道，看到石头，踢它后感觉他的脚疼。

And I think Berkeley would just say that Johnson still doesn’t know anything apart from what he senses.

Seeing the stone, feeling his foot hurting after he kicked it—it’s all still just based on his perceptions.

约翰逊不能争辩说，除了他的感官告诉他的东西之外，他什么都知道。

Johnson can’t argue that he knows anything other than what his senses have told him.

男教授：你知道你刚刚做了什么吗？

MALE PROFESSOR:You know what you just did?

女学生：告诉你一些与任何地方都无关的而只有在哲学课上有关的东西？

FEMALE STUDENT:Told you something that’s not relevant anywhere but a philosophy class?

男教授：没有。你展示了很好的分析能力。

MALE PROFESSOR:No. You demonstrated well-developed analytical skills.

哲学专业的学生可以批评别人的推理，提出令人信服的论点，总结和交流非常有效。

Philosophy majors can critique other people’s reasoning, make a convincing argument, summarize... and communicate very effectively.

这些东西在任何职业和生活中都很重要。

These things are important in any career. And in life!

女学生：好的。但是，您仍然没有在职位描述中看到任何这些。

FEMALE STUDENT:OK, but... still! You don’t see any of that in job descriptions!

男教授：真的吗？我想你可以看到的。我最近看到很多公司和各行各业的负责人的文章都在抱怨很难找到能做到这一点的员工。

MALE PROFESSOR:Really? Oh, I think you do. I’ve seen so many articles lately, by heads of companies in all kinds of fields, complaining that it’s hard to find employees who can do that.

去问问职业服务办公室。他们会告诉你同样的事情。

Ask at the career services office—they’ll tell you the same thing.

女学生：嗯，我想职业服务办公室会知道的。

FEMALE STUDENT:Well, I guess career services would know.

男教授：还有，你为什么不想想，你知道，我们系总是有关于暑期实习的信息，这会给你一些具体的经验，放在你的简历上。

MALE PROFESSOR:Also, why don’t you think about... You know, our department always has information about summer internships. That’d give you some concrete experience to put on your résumé.

男教授：实习可以帮助你迈出第一步。

MALE PROFESSOR:An internship could help you get your foot in the door.

What does the professor imply about studying business?

Why does the student mention Johnson and Berkeley?

What does the student imply about Johnson’s argument?

Why does the professor tell the student to go to the career services office?

NARRATORListen to a conversation between a student and her philosophy professor. FEMALE STUDENTProfessor Miller?MALE PROFESSORHi, Laura. Everything alright?FEMALE STUDENTYeah. I just... wanted to let you know... after this semester I... I’ve decided to change my major.MALE PROFESSORReally? Why? I, I thought you loved philosophy.FEMALE STUDENTI do, but... I don’t know. I have to be practical. It’s great to take all these philosophy classes, but I mean... I need to start thinking about finding a job after I graduate.MALE PROFESSORBecause, uh let’s see... people with a degree in philosophy don’t have anything to offer employers. Right?FEMALE STUDENTWell...kind of. Lots of my friends are business majors. I need to study something that’ll actually prepare me for a career.MALE PROFESSORIf I had a dollar for every time I heard that. OK. Studying something like business is great preparation, of course. Especially for people who already know their career goals. But for those who don’t, well... what’s yours, what’re your goals? FEMALE STUDENTI have no idea.MALE PROFESSORSo, for you... perhaps it’s not the best option.FEMALE STUDENTThat’s a good point.MALE PROFESSORWith a major in philosophy... besides the possibility of grad school—which I think would be wonderful for you—you know lots of things that are valuable in any career.FEMALE STUDENTLike what? How Johnson tried to refute Berkeley’s empiricism?MALE PROFESSORWell... what did Johnson do?FEMALE STUDENTWell, you know... what Berkeley said was that we can’t really know any objects, we can just perceive them. It’s all about our senses perceiving things. Berkeley basically made the point that it doesn’t really make sense to believe in actual, physical matter... What Johnson did was, Johnson was trying to disprove that, so he kicked a big stone. He said that refuted Berkeley.MALE PROFESSORUh-huh. So, what do you think of that?FEMALE STUDENTWell, not that I’m convinced by Berkeley either, but I really don’t think Johnson refuted anything. And I think Berkeley would just say that Johnson still doesn’t know anything apart from what he senses. Seeing the stone, feeling his foot hurting after he kicked it—it’s all still just based on his perceptions. Johnson can’t argue that he knows anything other than what his senses have told him.MALE PROFESSORYou know what you just did?FEMALE STUDENTTold you something that’s not relevant anywhere but a philosophy class?MALE PROFESSORNo. You demonstrated well-developed analytical skills. Philosophy majors can critique other people’s reasoning, make a convincing argument, summarize... and communicate very effectively. These things are important in any career. And in life!FEMALE STUDENTOK, but... still! You don’t see any of that in job descriptions!MALE PROFESSORReally? Oh, I think you do. I’ve seen so many articles lately, by heads of companies in all kinds of fields, complaining that it’s hard to find employees who can do that. Ask at the career services office—they’ll tell you the same thing.FEMALE STUDENTWell, I guess career services would know. MALE PROFESSORAlso, why don’t you think about... You know, our department always has information about summer internships. That’d give you some concrete experience to put on your résumé.FEMALE STUDENTThat’s an idea.MALE PROFESSORAn internship could help you get your foot in the door.

北美留学考试	英联邦留学考试	专业问答
TOEFL	IELTS	雅思专业问答
GRE	A Level	托福专业问答
GMAT	PTE	GRE专业问答
SAT	Interchange	GMAT专业问答
ACT	英本精英计划
AP/SSAT/IB
美高先修课
美本精英计划
美研精英计划