『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#25听力练习：Why does the speaker discuss a study from 2019?原文题目答案解析，TPO/【学术讲座】#25听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#25听力原文Why does the speaker discuss a study from 2019?【新东方在线】

教授：旁观者效应是一种社会心理学理论，根据该理论，当有其他人在场时，个体更不愿意向受害者提供帮助。

Professor: The bystander effect is a social psychological theory according to which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

该理论最初是由研究人员在20世纪60年代基于观察提出的。

The theory was first proposed by researchers in the 1960s, based on observations.

旁观者效应可以通过两个主要因素来解释：责任扩散和社会影响。

The bystander effect can be explained through two primary factors: diffusion of responsibility and social influence.

当人们相信会有其他人采取行动时，就会产生责任扩散，因此他们感到的个人责任就会减少。

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when people believe that someone else will take action, and so they feel less personal responsibility.

社会影响涉及观察他人以获取行为线索，尤其是在模糊不清的情境中。

Social influence involves looking to others for cues on how to behave, especially in ambiguous situations.

如果其他人没有提供帮助，个体可能会将情况解读为非紧急情况，从而不采取干预行动。

If others are not helping, individuals may interpret the situation as non-emergency and refrain from intervening.

然而，最近的研究对“更多旁观者的存在会降低帮助的可能性”这一说法提出了质疑。

More recent studies, however, have disputed the claim that the presence of more bystanders can decrease the likelihood of assistance.

一项2019年的研究分析了来自多个城市的视频录像，发现在10起事件中有9起，至少有一名旁观者确实采取了行动提供帮助。

One study from 2019 that analyzed video footage from multiple cities found that in 9 out of 10 incidents, at least one bystander did take action to help.

这项研究发现，当有更多旁观者在场时，旁观者实际上更有可能进行干预。

This study found that a bystander was actually more likely to intervene when more bystanders were present.

一些可能影响旁观者行为的因素包括危险程度以及旁观者之间是否互相认识。

Some factors that may influence bystander behavior include the level of danger and whether bystanders know each other.

According to the talk, how might social influence affect an individual's behavior?

Why does the speaker discuss a study from 2019?

What is NOT mentioned as a factor that influences bystander behavior?

Professor: The bystander effect is a social psychological theory according to which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The theory was first proposed by researchers in the 1960s, based on observations. The bystander effect can be explained through two primary factors: diffusion of responsibility and social influence. Diffusion of responsibility occurs when people believe that someone else will take action, and so they feel less personal responsibility. Social influence involves looking to others for cues on how to behave, especially in ambiguous situations. If others are not helping, individuals may interpret the situation as non-emergency and refrain from intervening. More recent studies, however, have disputed the claim that the presence of more bystanders can decrease the likelihood of assistance. One study from 2019 that analyzed video footage from multiple cities found that in 9 out of 10 incidents, at least one bystander did take action to help. This study found that a bystander was actually more likely to intervene when more bystanders were present. Some factors that may influence bystander behavior include the level of danger and whether bystanders know each other.

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