『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#29听力练习：How is the talk mainly organized?原文题目答案解析，TPO/【学术讲座】#29听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#29听力原文How is the talk mainly organized?【新东方在线】

男：我们来简单谈谈语言习得，这是人类学习理解和使用语言的过程。

Man: Let’s talk a little about language acquisition, which is the process by which humans learn to understand and use language.

语言习得主要有两种类型：第一语言习得和第二语言习得。

There are two main types of language acquisition: first language acquisition and second language acquisition.

第一语言习得在幼儿时期通过与家人及周围环境的互动自然而然地发生，相对容易。

First language acquisition occurs naturally and with relative ease during early childhood, through interaction with family and the surrounding environment.

儿童能够快速掌握母语，是因为他们具有先天的语言能力，这一概念得到了语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基的普遍语法理论的支持。

Children are able to pick up their native language quickly due to their innate linguistic capabilities, a concept supported by the linguist Noam Chomsky’s theory of Universal Grammar.

普遍语法理论表明，习得语言的能力是人类与生俱来的，并且所有人类语言都共享一个共同的底层结构。

Universal Grammar suggests that the ability to acquire language is innate to humans and that all human languages share a common underlying structure.

另一方面，第二语言习得通常需要更有意识的努力和正规教育，并且通常发生在人生后期。

Second language acquisition, on the other hand, often requires more conscious effort and formal education and typically happens later in life.

有几个因素影响第二语言习得的难易程度和成功与否，包括语言暴露量、年龄和动机。

Several factors influence the ease and success of second language acquisition, including exposure to the language, age, and motivation.

动机尤其起着至关重要的作用——高度动机的个体更有可能积极参与语言学习并坚持努力。

Motivation, in particular, plays a crucial role—highly motivated individuals are more likely to engage actively with the language and persist in their learning efforts.

年龄也很重要；根据关键期假说，在幼儿时期存在一个最佳窗口期，在此期间语言习得最为容易。

Age is also significant; according to the critical period hypothesis, there is an optimal window in early childhood during which language acquisition occurs most easily.

在此时期之后，习得一门新语言会更具挑战性。

After this period, acquiring a new language can be more challenging.

理解这些过程有助于教育工作者和语言学家开发有效的教学方法和语言学习工具。

Understanding these processes helps educators and linguists develop effective teaching methods and language learning tools.

Why does the speaker mention Noam Chomsky’s theory of Universal Grammar?

What does the speaker say about motivation and language acquisition?

According to the speaker, what is suggested by the critical period hypothesis?

Man: (M-Br) Let’s talk a little about language acquisition, which is the process by which humans learn to understand and use language. There are two main types of language acquisition: first language acquisition and second language acquisition. First language acquisition occurs naturally and with relative ease during early childhood, through interaction with family and the surrounding environment. Children are able to pick up their native language quickly due to their innate linguistic capabilities, a concept supported by the linguist Noam Chomsky’s theory of Universal Grammar. Universal Grammar suggests that the ability to acquire language is innate to humans and that all human languages share a common underlying structure. Second language acquisition, on the other hand, often requires more conscious effort and formal education and typically happens later in life. Several factors influence the ease and success of second language acquisition, including exposure to the language, age, and motivation. Motivation, in particular, plays a crucial role—highly motivated individuals are more likely to engage actively with the language and persist in their learning efforts. Age is also significant; according to the critical period hypothesis, there is an optimal window in early childhood during which language acquisition occurs most easily. After this period, acquiring a new language can be more challenging. Understanding these processes helps educators and linguists develop effective teaching methods and language learning tools.

Listen to a talk in a neuroscience class.

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