『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#31听力练习：What does the speaker mainly discuss?原文题目答案解析，TPO/【学术讲座】#31听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#31听力原文What does the speaker mainly discuss?【新东方在线】

女：当人们接受了没有医疗价值的治疗（比如糖丸）后，仅仅因为他们相信它是真的，就经历了真实的健康状况改善，这时就产生了安慰剂效应。

Woman: The placebo effect occurs when people experience real health improvements after receiving a treatment with no medical value—like a sugar pill—simply because they believe it’s real.

临床试验使用各种安慰剂，包括药膏、凝胶，甚至是假器械。

Clinical trials use various placebos, including creams, gels, or even fake devices.

这些安慰剂必须被设计得尽可能接近实际治疗，这一点很重要。这能确保参与者无法分辨他们接受的是真治疗还是安慰剂，从而保证研究的公平性和结果的科学可靠性。

It’s important that these are designed to closely resemble actual treatments. This ensures that participants can’t tell whether they’re receiving the real treatment or the placebo, which in turn keeps the study fair and the results scientifically reliable.

安慰剂效应凸显了身心的强大联系。它受到患者预期、治疗方式以及治疗者可信度等因素的影响。

The placebo effect highlights the powerful connection between mind and body. It’s influenced by factors such as patient expectations, how the treatment is delivered, and the provider’s credibility.

事实上，最近一项研究发现，当人们预期症状会缓解时，他们的大脑会像接受了真药一样做出反应。仅这种预期本身就能触发特定的大脑活动，激活一条连接思维、情感和运动相关脑区的通路。

In fact, a recent study found that when people expect relief, their brains respond as if real medicine has been given. This expectation alone can trigger specific brain activity, activating a pathway that links regions involved in thought, emotion, and movement.

当这些区域共同作用时，它们会创造出一种桥梁，连接身心——即心理信念与身体反应。

When these areas work together, they create a kind of bridge, connecting mind and body—mental belief and physical response.

虽然安慰剂实际上并不能治愈疾病，但相信治疗会起效的信念可以带来患者感受上的真实改善。因此，当与实际药物结合使用时，我相信这种心理上的促进可以增强整体护理效果。

While placebos don’t actually cure diseases, the belief that a treatment will work can lead to real improvements in how a patient feels. So, when combined with actual medicine, I believe this psychological boost can enhance overall care.

What point does the speaker make about the various types of placebos?

Why does the speaker discuss “creating a kind of bridge”?

What is the speaker's opinion about the use of placebos in health care?

Woman: The placebo effect occurs when people experience real health improvements after receiving a treatment with no medical value—like a sugar pill—simply because they believe it’s real. Clinical trials use various placebos, including creams, gels, or even fake devices. It’s important that these are designed to closely resemble actual treatments. This ensures that participants can’t tell whether they’re receiving the real treatment or the placebo, which in turn keeps the study fair and the results scientifically reliable. The placebo effect highlights the powerful connection between mind and body. It’s influenced by factors such as patient expectations, how the treatment is delivered, and the provider’s credibility. In fact, a recent study found that when people expect relief, their brains respond as if real medicine has been given. This expectation alone can trigger specific brain activity, activating a pathway that links regions involved in thought, emotion, and movement. When these areas work together, they create a kind of bridge, connecting mind and body—mental belief and physical response. While placebos don’t actually cure diseases, the belief that a treatment will work can lead to real improvements in how a patient feels. So, when combined with actual medicine, I believe this psychological boost can enhance overall care.  

Listen to a talk on a psychology podcast.

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