『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#35听力练习：Why does the speaker mention a giant adding machine?原文题目答案解析，TPO/【学术讲座】#35听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#35听力原文Why does the speaker mention a giant adding machine?【新东方在线】

Listen to a talk in an art history class.

女：表现主义是兴起于20世纪初的一个有影响力的现代主义艺术运动。

Woman: Expressionism is an influential modernist art movement that emerged in the early 20th century.

这一运动的特点在于，它专注于表现情感体验，而非物理现实。

This movement is characterized by its focus on representing emotional experience rather than physical reality.

表现主义艺术家旨在通过扭曲夸张的形态、鲜艳的色彩和大胆的笔触来传达他们内心的感受和感知。

Expressionist artists aim to convey their inner feelings and perceptions through distorted and exaggerated forms, vivid colors, and bold brush strokes.

最著名的表现主义艺术家之一是爱德华·蒙克。他的画作《呐喊》展现了一个痛苦呐喊的人。

One of the most famous expressionist artists is Edvard Munch. His painting The Scream shows an agonized person crying out.

这幅画后来成为了该运动聚焦强烈个人体验的标志性作品。

It eventually became an icon of the movement's focus on intense personal experience.

然而，表现主义并不局限于视觉艺术——它同样影响了文学、戏剧和电影艺术。

Expressionism was not limited to visual arts, however — it also influenced the literary, theater, and cinematic arts.

在文学领域，像弗兰茨·卡夫卡这样的作家在其怪诞、梦一般的小说中探讨了异化和存在主义焦虑的主题。

In literature, authors like Franz Kafka explored themes of alienation and existential angst in his bizarre, dreamlike fiction.

表现主义戏剧则常使用戏剧化的灯光和强烈的表演来引发情感反应，舞台布景有时会使用超大的象征性物品。

Expressionist theater often used dramatic lighting and intense performances to evoke emotional responses. Sets sometimes featured oversized symbolic objects.

在埃尔默·赖斯1923年的戏剧《加算器》中，一台巨大的加法机代表了技术非人化的力量。

In Elmer Rice's 1923 play The Adding Machine, a giant adding machine represents the dehumanizing forces of technology.

同样，德国表现主义电影运动也使用了创新手法，例如在场景之间用共享的声音进行切换，来帮助营造充满情感张力的叙事。

Similarly, the German Expressionist film movement used innovative techniques such as cutting between scenes with a shared sound to help create emotionally charged narratives.

尽管影响深远，表现主义仍因其背离传统美学和对个人情感的强调而受到批评。

Despite its impact, expressionism faced criticism for its departure from traditional aesthetics and its emphasis on the personal.

评论家认为，它对主观情绪的专注剥夺了作品更广泛的内容或意义，而画作中大胆的笔触有时也被视为缺乏技巧和功底。

Critics argued that its focus on subjective emotion robbed the works of broader content or meaning, and the bold brushwork in paintings was sometimes viewed as lacking in skill and technique.

尽管如此，表现主义为后来的超现实主义等运动铺平了道路，在艺术界留下了持久的遗产。

Nonetheless, expressionism paved the way for later movements, such as surrealism, leaving a lasting legacy in the art world.

According to the speaker, what did Expressionist artists aim to convey?

Why does the speaker mention a giant adding machine?

What is one criticism of Expressionism mentioned in the talk?

Listen to a talk in an art history class. Woman: Expressionism is an influential modernist art movement that emerged in the early 20th century. This movement is characterized by its focus on representing emotional experience rather than physical reality. Expressionist artists aim to convey their inner feelings and perceptions through distorted and exaggerated forms, vivid colors, and bold brush strokes. One of the most famous expressionist artists is Edvard Monk. His painting The Scream shows an agonized person crying out. It eventually became an icon of the movement's focus on intense personal experience. Expressionism was not limited to visual arts, however, it also influenced the literary theater and cinematic arts. In literature, authors like Franz Kafka explored themes of alienation and existential angst in his bizarre, dreamlike fiction. Expressionist theater often used dramatic lighting and intense performances to evoke emotional responses. Set sometimes featured oversized symbolic objects. In Elmer Rice's 1923 play The Adding Machine, a giant adding machine represents the dehumanizing forces of technology. Similarly, the German Expressionist film movement used innovative techniques such as cutting between scenes with a shared sound to help create emotionally charged narratives. Despite its impact, expressionism faced criticism for its departure from traditional aesthetics and its emphasis on the personal. Critics argued that its focus on subjective emotion robbed the works of broader content or meaning, and the bold brushwork and paintings was sometimes viewed as lacking in skill and technique. Nonetheless, expressionism paved the way for later movement, such as surrealism, leaving a lasting legacy in the art world.

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