『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#45听力练习：How does the speaker define "sampling"?原文题目答案解析，TPO/【学术讲座】#45听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#45听力原文How does the speaker define "sampling"?【新东方在线】

男：嘻哈是世界上最受欢迎的音乐流派之一。

Man: Hip hop is one of the world's most popular musical genres.

我想讨论这种艺术形式的一个特征：采样。

I want to discuss a characteristic feature of this art form: sampling.

采样指的是在全新作品中重复使用现有歌曲的一部分。

Sampling refers to the reuse of a part of an existing song in a new composition.

嘻哈艺术家在创作歌曲时，可能会使用现有歌曲中的一段人声音轨、鼓点或其他声音。

Hip hop artists might write a song that uses part of a vocal track or a drum beat, or some other sound from an existing song.

例如，歌手碧昂丝2003年的热门歌曲《Crazy in Love》就使用了The Shy Lights乐队1970年发行的一首歌曲中的旋律。

For example, the singer Beyoncé's 2003 hit "Crazy in Love" uses a melody from a 1970 release by the band The Shy Lights.

在1991年美国地方法院具有里程碑意义的案件"Grand Upright Music Limited诉Warner Brothers Records Inc."之前，采样在嘻哈早期尤为普遍。

Sampling was especially common in the early days of hip hop, before the landmark 1991 US District Court case "Grand Upright Music Limited versus Warner Brothers Records Inc."

该案的裁决要求艺术家在录音中使用采样时必须获得许可。

The ruling in that case required artists to obtain permission to use samples in their recordings.

在那项裁决之前，采样是一种相对便宜且容易的做法。

Before that legal decision, sampling had been a relatively cheap and easy practice.

此后直至今日，采样仍在继续，但方式更加受限。

It continued afterward, down to today, but in a more limited way.

批评者常认为采样不如传统音乐创作有创意，但我会反驳说，所有艺术，尤其是音乐，都是相互参照借鉴的。

Critics often argue that sampling is a less creative approach than traditional music making, but I'd respond that all art, especially music, is referential.

在创作新作品时，所有艺术家都会以某种方式从现有艺术作品中借用。、

In creating a new work, all artists borrow in one manner or another from existing works of art.

嘻哈的创造力在于寻找不寻常的来源，或将可识别的材料放入新的语境中。

Hip hop creativity comes in finding unusual sources or putting recognizable material into new contexts.

让我们来看看Beastie Boys乐队1989年的专辑《Paul's Boutique》——这张声音拼贴作品使用了极其大量的采样。

Let's examine the sonic collage that is Paul's Boutique, the 1989 album from the Beastie Boys, which utilizes a remarkable number of samples.

What event does the speaker say caused a change to a creative process?

What is the speaker's attitude toward sampling?

What will the speaker most likely do next?

Listen to a talk in a music class.<br />Man: Hip hop is one of the world's most popular musical genres. I want to discuss a characteristic feature of this art form, sampling. Sampling refers to the reuse of a part of an existing song in a new composition.<br />Hip hop artists might write a song that uses part of a vocal track or a drum beat, or some other sound from an existing song. For example, the singer Beyonce 's 2003hit Crazy in Love uses a melody from a 1970 release by the band The Shy Lights.<br />Sampling was especially common in the early days of hip hop, before the landmark 1991 US District Court case “Grand Upright Music Limited versus Warner Brothers Records Inc.” The ruling in that case required artists to obtain permission to use samples in their recordings. Before that legal decision, sampling had been a relatively cheap and easy practice. It continued afterward, down to today, but in a more limited way.<br />Critics often argue that sampling is a less creative approach than traditional music making, but I'd respond that all art, especially music, is referential. In creating a new work, all artists borrow in one manner or another from existing works of art. Hip hop creativity comes in finding unusual sources or putting recognizable material into new contexts. But now I'd like to know what you think. Let's examine the Sonic collage that is Paul's Boutique, the 1989 album from the Beastie Boys, which utilizes A remarkable number of samples.

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