『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#50听力练习：What is the main topic of the talk?原文题目答案解析，TPO/【学术讲座】#50听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#50听力原文What is the main topic of the talk?【新东方在线】

19世纪，美国的城市变得拥挤。

In the 19th century, cities in the United States became crowded.

许多企业和公寓都设在高层建筑中。

Many businesses and apartments were housed in tall buildings.

大多数消防车的梯子只能到达四楼，这个高度不够。

Most firetruck ladders only reached the fourth floor, which wasn't high enough.

虽然通过了要求设置逃生通道的法律，但许多早期的想法都不实用，比如有一个想法是在头上绑一个降落伞。

Although laws were passed to require escape routes, many early ideas were impractical, like one idea was to attach a parachute to your head.

那个降落伞的主意，嗯，这不太管用，对吧？

The parachute idea, well, this wouldn't work too well, would it?

其他类似的想法也遭到了反对。

Other such ideas were met with resistance, too.

这时，安娜·康诺利出现了，她在19世纪获得了多项消防逃生梯的专利。

Enter Anna Connolly, who received patents for fire escapes in the 19th century.

安娜·康诺利最初的消防逃生梯设计是一座桥，让人们可以安全地登上自己建筑的屋顶或高层，走到隔壁建筑，然后从那里的楼梯下去。

Anna Connolly's initial fire escape design was a bridge so people could safely go up to the roof or upper floors of their own building, cross to the building next door, and go down the stairs there.

这很有道理，因为大多数火灾都始于建筑的低层。

This made good sense since most fires started on the lower floors of buildings.

在这个设计之后，康诺利又创造了另一种逃生梯：一系列安装在建筑侧面的平台，平台之间用梯子连接。

After this design, Connolly created another that was a series of platforms attached to the side of a building with ladders connecting them.

她特别指定要用铁来制造，因为铁是防火的并且抗压。

She specified they'd be made of iron, since iron is fireproof and resists pressure.

这个设计有效、实用，并在全国范围内被采用。

Well, this design worked, was practical, and was adopted across the country.

康诺利的消防逃生梯拯救了生命。

如今，美国的建筑内部都建有防火的逃生楼梯井，从外面是看不到的

These days, buildings in the US are built with interior stairwells that are fireproof for escape and are not visible from the outside.

但在城市的老建筑上，你仍然可以看到康诺利的设计。

But you can still see Connolly's design on older buildings in cities.

Why does the speaker mention a parachute?

What does the speaker like about Anna Connelly's first design?

What does the speaker indicate about fire escapes in newer buildings?

Listen to a talk on a history podcast. In the 19th century, cities in the United States became crowded. Many businesses and apartments were housed in tall buildings. Fires became a major concern. Most firetruck ladders only reached the fourth floor, which wasn't high enough. Although laws were passed to require escape routes, many early ideas were impractical, like one idea was to attach a parachute to your head. The parachute idea, well, this wouldn't work too well, would it? Other such ideas were met with resistance, too. Enter Anna Connolly, who received patterns for fire escapes in the 19th century. Anna Connolly's initial fire escape design was a bridge so people could safely go up to the roof or upper floors of their own building, cross to the building next door, and go down the stairs there. This made good sense since most fires started on the lower floors of buildings. After this design, Connolly created another that was a series of platforms attached to the side of a building with ladders connecting them. She specified they'd be made of iron, since iron is fireproof and resists pressure. Well, this design worked, was practical, and was adopted across the country. Connolly's fire escapes saved lives. These days, buildings in the US are built with interior stairwells that are fireproof for escape and are not visible from the outside. But you can still see Connolly's design on older buildings in cities.

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