『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/【学术讲座】#61听力练习：Why does the speaker mention butter?原文题目答案解析，TPO/【学术讲座】#61听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/【学术讲座】#61听力原文Why does the speaker mention butter?【新东方在线】

Listen to a talk in an anthropology class.

男：通常当我们想到木乃伊时，我们会想到古埃及人及其精细的遗体保存方法。

Man: Often when we think of mummies, we think of ancient Egyptians and their elaborate methods of preserving bodies.

我们过去认为埃及人是大约4000年前的青铜时代唯一实践木乃伊制作的民族，因为典型的木乃伊是在气候非常干燥的地方发现的，比如埃及。

We used to think Egyptians were the only people practicing mummification during the Bronze Age, about, oh, 4000 years ago, because typical mummies are found in places, for example, with very dry climates like Egypt.

但后来考古学家在苏格兰发现了一个有木乃伊制作证据的遗址。

But then archaeologists discovered a site in Scotland with evidence of mummification.

而苏格兰呢，是潮湿、多雨的。

这个遗址叫做克拉德哈兰（Cladh Hallan），是英国唯一一处发现了史前青铜时代木乃伊的地方。

This site is called Cladh Hallan, the only place in Britain where we found prehistoric Bronze Age mummies.

于是研究人员在克拉德哈兰出土了骨骼遗骸，其中包括一男一女，来自大约公元前1500年。

So researchers unearthed skeletons at Cladh Hallan, including a man and a woman from around 1500 BCE.

由于这些只是骨骼，研究人员起初并没有意识到它们实际上曾是木乃伊。

Since these were just skeletons, the researchers didn't realize at first that they had actually been mummies.

这一认识是在对骨骼进行了一种名为放射性碳测年的测试之后才得到的。

That realization came after doing a test called radiocarbon dating on the bones.

放射性碳测年显示，这一男一女在埋葬之前几百年就已经死亡。

Radiocarbon dating revealed that the man and woman had died several hundred years before being buried.

通常情况下，如此长时间的等待会使尸体变成一堆散落的骨头，而不是像被发现的那样完整的骨骼。

Normally, such a long wait would turn a body into a pile of bones, not an actual skeleton like what was found.

因此，他们的遗体一定是在埋葬前被有意保存了数百年。

So their bodies must have been purposely preserved for hundreds of years before burial.

但我们确实知道是如何做到的。

这些遗体被保存下来，是在泥炭沼泽中制成木乃伊的。

The bodies were preserved, mummified in a peat bog.

泥炭沼泽有点像沼泽，不同的是它们的条件能防止像尸体这样的有机物质完全分解。

Peat bogs are kind of like swamps, except their conditions prevent organic materials like bodies from fully breaking down.

苏格兰的史前人民曾经在泥炭沼泽中保存动物脂肪（比如黄油），所以他们肯定有这个意识。

Prehistoric people in Scotland used to preserve animal fat like butter in peat bogs, so they definitely had the concept.

What does the speaker imply about Scotland?

According to the speaker, what did radiocarbon dating reveal?

Listen to a talk in an anthropology class. Man: Often when we think of mummies, we think of ancient Egyptians and their elaborate methods of preserving bodies. We used to think Egyptians were the only people practicing mummification during the Bronze Age, about, oh, 4000 years ago, because typical mummies are found in places, for example, with very dry climates like Egypt. But then archaeologists discovered a site in Scotland with evidence of mummification. And Scotland is, well, wet, rainy. This site is called Cladh Hallan, the only place in Britain where we found prehistoric Bronze Age mummies. So researchers unearthed skeletons at Clad Helen, including a man and a woman from around 1500 BCE since these were just skeletons, the researchers didn't realize at first that they had actually been mummies. That realization came after doing a test called radiocarbon dating on the bones. Radiocarbon dating revealed that the man and woman had died several hundred years before being buried. Normally, such a long wait would turn a body into a pile of bones, not an actual skeleton like what was found, so their bodies must have been purposely preserved for hundreds of years before burial. Why? Well, who knows? But we do know how. The bodies were preserved,mummified in a peat bog. Peat bogs are kind of like swamps, except their conditions prevent organic materials like bodies from fully breaking down. They stay more intact. Prehistoric people in Scotland used to preserve animal fat like butter in peat bogs, so they definitely had the concept.

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