『新东方在线托福听力』为托福考生准备了ETS托福TPO/Official 47 Lec 3听力练习：Why does the professor mention pregame meals?原文题目答案解析，TPO/Official 47 Lec 3听力原文范文音频翻译。

托福TPO/Official 47 Lec 3听力原文Why does the professor mention pregame meals?【新东方在线】

旁白：听一段运动管理课程节选。

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a sports management class.

教授：所以，我想用一个话题来结束今天，你们许多人在我的办公时间都问过这个问题。

Professor: So, I want to end today with a topic that many of you have questions about when you come to see me during my office hours.

你们许多人告诉过我，你们对教练这个职业特别感兴趣。

A lot of you have told me you are specifically interested in careers as coaches.

现在，不论你们对教哪种运动感兴趣，排球、篮球、游泳……

Now, it doesn't matter what sport you are interested in coaching, volleyball, basketball, swimming...

当新教练规划职业生涯的时候，有一些需要考虑的事。

There are some considerations for all new coaches to think about as they plan their careers.

最近的一项研究，对高中总教练的调查帮忙识别了一些障碍，

A recent study, a survey of high school head coaches, helped identify some obstacles,

总教练觉得当他们开始他们的职业生涯的时候没有准备好的一些事情。

some things that head coaches felt they were not prepared for as they began their careers.

他们被调查去确定哪些事情他们会做得不一样，如果他们重新开始他们的职业的话。

They were surveyed to determine what things they would do differently if they were starting their careers over again.

基于他们的回答，许多主题出现了。

Based on their responses, several themes emerged.

最大数量的回答是有关人际关系领域。

The largest number of responses was in the area of relationships.

79%的教练表明如果他们重来一次，他们会在这个领域做得不一样。

79% of the coaches indicated that if they had to do it all over again, they would do things differently in this area.

他们说他们会用不同的方式处理和助理教练、父母、学生运动员、学校管理机构的关系，并且更关注这些关系。

They said they'd deal differently with assistant coaches, parents, student athletes, school administration, and, and pay more attention to those relationships.

对于这些教练来说，第二最重要的领域是组织和管理。

The second most critical area for these coaches was organization and administration.

对他们来说，这意味着比如说像更好的管理预算、分配责任这些事情，确保即使是小事都被照顾到，

To them, this meant things like better managing their budgets, and delegating responsibilities, making sure that even minor things were taken care of,

like pre-game meals, those sort of things.

学生：对不起，教授，我知道好的营养是重要的，

Student: Excuse me, professor, I know good nutrition is important,

但是安排赛前餐这种事，并不是把当教练作为职业的人会去考虑的事情。

but organizing pre-game meals isn't really something you consider when you are thinking about going into coaching as a career.

教授：不，我想不是。肯尼，但是这是一个注重细节的例子，变得有条理。

Professor: No, I guess not, Kenny, but it's more an example of paying attention to the details, being organized.

我想要强调，教练这个职业不仅仅是胜利和失败。

I do want to emphasize that the profession of coaching is about more than just wins and losses.

实际上，胜利可能被过分强调了。尤其是在高中和大学，教练是通过竞技策略去教授生活技能。

In fact, winning is probably stressed too much. At its best, I'd say coaching, especially in high school and college, is about teaching life skills through game strategy.

Of course, coaching requires a specialized body of knowledge.

如果你教网球，你需要了解网球的规则。

If you coach tennis, you need to know the rules of tennis.

如果你是足球教练，你需要知道所有关于足球的策略。

If you are a football coach, you need to know all about football strategies.

并且这些类型的问题，你会在大学学习。

And those are the sorts of things that you'll get in your classes here at the university.

但是如果教练花费太多时间在竞技策略上，好，你看，可能这是次要的，相对于知识和技能来说，

But if coaches spend too much of their time on game strategy, well, you see, maybe that's secondary too, to the knowledge and skills,

你会需要知识和技能来承担教练角色，特别是，正如那个调查强调的，处理人际关系和管理的能力。

you'll need for the other roles you'll undertake as a coach, especially, as that survey emphasized, skills in dealing with people, and, and administration.

学生：但是，你怎么做……你怎么在这些领域提高，我意思是，下个月开始我将会在一个高中做助理教练，并且……

Student: But, how do you... how do you improve in those areas, I mean, I'm gonna be an assistant coach at a high school beginning next month, and ...

女孩：真的吗？太棒了，肯尼！

教授：所以，恭喜你！哦，好吧，为了有更好的条理，

Professor: So, congratulations! Ok, well, to get better organized,

要做的一件事就是上商业管理课程，并且不仅是在体育教育部门的体育管理课程，

one thing is take courses in business management and not just the sports management courses in the physical education department,

教授：好的，在我的职业生涯中，我学到，作为建立和维护强大人际关系和管理技能的一部分，

Professor: Okay, in my career, I've learned, well, as part of building and maintaining strong relationships and working on administrative skills,

你必须考虑你团队的其它需求，除了体育本身。

you've got to consider the other needs of your team beyond the sport itself.

记住，团队成员是运动员和学生，并且记住，如果你对你做的事情有热情，那么，热情是有感染性的，对吗？你想让团队成员享受参与，

Remember, the team members are athletes and students, and remember that if you are enthusiastic about what you are doing, well, enthusiasm is... is catching, right? You want team members to enjoy participating,

学生：对，但是那么为团队设置规则呢？严厉更好，还是不严厉更好？

Student: Right, but what about setting rules for your team, and, is it better to be strict or not so strict?

教授：实际上，我不相信建立很多规则有用。

Professor: Actually, I don't believe in having a lot of rules.

我认为它会阻碍领导力，并且限制你。

I think that can get in the way of leadership and box you in.

我认为人们有时候设置规则仅仅是为了让他们自己省事。

I think people sometimes set rules just to make things easier for themselves.

那样的话，可能之后他们就会遵守规则，并且避免选择。

That way maybe later they just can refer to the rule and avoid making a choice.

你知道我谈论的那种人，对吗？

You know that kind of person I'm talking about, right?

但是这不是说，球队不应该有任何规定。当然他们需要一些规定。

But that's not to say the team shouldn't have any rules at all. Of course they need some.

所以在赛季初，或者当你第一次从事一个新工作，建立一些基本的规则，规定哪些是可以接受的和不可以接受的行为。

So early in a season, or when you first take a new job, establish a few basic ground rules for what is acceptable and non-acceptable behavior.

女孩：所以，什么是好的规则呢？

教授：嗯，教练应该建立的一些原则是：坚持球员应该准时，坚持刻苦练习， 并且尽他们最大的努力。

Professor: Well, a... A couple rules a coach should have are: insist that players be on time, and insist that they practice hard, and give their best effort.

并且，规则一旦建立，就要遵守它。

And when you do establish a rule, stick to it.

Based on the survey discussed by the professor, what are the two main areas to which new coaches should give more attention?

Why does the professor mention pregame meals?

What is the professor’s opinion about coaches who focus mainly on strategies for winning games?

What does the professor imply about coaches who establish a lot of rules for team members?

2."So I want end today with the topic that many of you have questions about when you’ve come to see me during my office hours. A lot of you have told me you're specifically interested in the career as coaches. Now it doesn't matter what sport you're interested in coaching, volleyball, basketball, swimming. There are some considerations for all new coaches to think about as they plan their careers. 
A recent study, a survey of high school head coaches helped identify some obstacles, some things that had coaches felt they were not prepared for as they began their careers. They were surveyed to determine what things they would do differently if they were starting their careers over again. Based on their responses, several themes emerged. 
The largest number of responses was in the area of relationships. 79% of the coaches indicated that if they had to do it all over again, they would do things differently in this area. They said they deal differently with assistant coaches, parents, student athletes, school administration and pay more attention to those relationships. 
The second most critical area for these coaches was organization and administration. To them, this meant things like better managing their budgets and delegating responsibilities, making sure that even minor things were taken care of, like pre-game meals, those sort of things. 
" 
3."The second most critical area for these coaches was organization and administration. To them, this meant things like better managing their budgets and delegating responsibilities, making sure that even minor things were taken care of, like pre-game meals, those sort of things. 
Excuse me, professor. I know good nutrition is important but organizing pre-game meals isn't really something you consider when you're thinking about going into coaching as a career. 
No I guess not, Kenny. But it's more example of paying attention to the details, being organized. I do want to emphasize that the profession of coaching is about more than just wins and losses. In fact winning is probably stress too much. At its best, I’d say coaching, especially in high school and college, is about teaching life skills through game strategy. Of course coaching requires a specialized body of knowledge. If you coach tennis you need to know the rules of tennis; if you are a football coach you need to know all about football strategies. And those are the sorts of things that you're getting your classes here at the University. but if couches spent too much of your time on game strategy, well you see, maybe that secondary to the knowledge and skills you'll need for the other roles you undertake as a coach. Especially as that survey emphasized, skills in dealing with people and an administration. 
" 
4."The second most critical area for these coaches was organization and administration. To them, this meant things like better managing their budgets and delegating responsibilities, making sure that even minor things were taken care of, like pre-game meals, those sort of things. 
Excuse me, professor. I know good nutrition is important but organizing pre-game meals isn't really something you consider when you're thinking about going into coaching as a career. 
No I guess not, Kenny. But it's more example of paying attention to the details, being organized. I do want to emphasize that the profession of coaching is about more than just wins and losses. In fact winning is probably stress too much. At its best, I’d say coaching, especially in high school and college, is about teaching life skills through game strategy. Of course coaching requires a specialized body of knowledge. If you coach tennis you need to know the rules of tennis; if you are a football coach you need to know all about football strategies. And those are the sorts of things that you're getting your classes here at the University. but if couches spent too much of your time on game strategy, well you see, maybe that secondary to the knowledge and skills you'll need for the other roles you undertake as a coach. Especially as that survey emphasized, skills in dealing with people and an administration. 
" 
5."But how do you improve in those areas? I mean I'm going to be an assistant coach at the high school beginning next month and…….. 
Really? Nice going, Kenny. 
Yes that's wonderful. 
Thanks I'm excited 
So congratulations. Ok, well, to get better organized, one thing is take courses in business management, and not just sports management courses of the physical education department, other business and finance courses. oh wait a minute, you said you starting next month? What sport will you be coaching? 
Gymnastics mainly 
Okay in my career I've learned, as part of building and maintaining strong relationships and working on administrative skills, you've got to consider the other needs of your team beyond the sport itself. Remember the team members are athletes and students. And remember that if you're enthusiastic about what you're doing, well enthusiasm is catching right? You want team members to enjoy participating. 
Right, but what about setting rules for your team and is it better to be strict not so strict? 
Actually, I don't believe in having a lot of rules and coaches often don't have too many. I think that can get in the way of leadership in Box you in. I think people sometimes set rules just to make things easier for themselves. That way maybe later they just can refer to the rule and avoid making a choice, you know that kind of person I'm talking about right? 
But that's not to say the team shouldn’t have any rules at all. Of course they need some. So early in the season or when you first take a new job, establish a few basic ground rules for what is acceptable and non-acceptable behavior. 
So what are some good ones? 
Well a couple of rules a couch should have are insist that players be on time and insist that they practice hard and give their best effort. And when you do establish a rule, stick to it. 
" 
6."Ok, well, to get better organized, one thing is take courses in business management, and not just sports management courses of the physical education department, other business and finance courses. Oh oh, wait a minute, you said you starting next month? 
"

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